Development and validation of a simple and multifaceted instrument, GERD-TEST, for the clinical evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux and dyspeptic symptoms

Table 5 Comparison of gastroesophageal reflux and dyspepsia-therapeutic efficacy and satisfaction test scores before and after 4 wk of proton pump inhibitor treatment (n = 198)

	Before Tx		After 4 wk PPI Tx		Cohen's d	P value
	mean	SD	mean	SD
Q1. Heartburn	3.64	1.31	1.77	0.97	1.63	< 0.0001
Q2. Acid regurgitation	3.17	1.37	1.66	0.95	1.29	< 0.0001
GERD-SS	3.40	1.20	1.71	0.91	1.59	< 0.0001
Q3. Epigastric pain or burning	3.11	1.40	1.75	1.02	1.11	< 0.0001
Q4. Postprandial fullness	3.05	1.34	1.95	1.06	0.91	< 0.0001
Q5. Early satiation	2.25	1.34	1.76	0.91	0.42	< 0.0001
FD-SS	2.88	1.13	1.80	0.85	1.08	< 0.0001
Q6. Eating	1.97	1.07	1.41	0.74	0.61	< 0.0001
Q7. Sleeping	2.14	1.07	1.29	0.63	0.97	< 0.0001
Q8. Daily activity	1.98	1.00	1.33	0.67	0.76	< 0.0001
Q9. Mood	2.55	1.06	1.57	0.80	1.05	< 0.0001
Dissatisfaction for daily life-SS	2.15	0.84	1.40	0.59	1.04	< 0.0001
	Effect size	Small	Medium	Large
	Cohen's d	0.2 ≤	0.5 ≤	0.8 ≤
	r	0.1 ≤	0.3 ≤	0.5 ≤

GERD-TEST: Gastroesophageal reflux and dyspepsia-therapeutic efficacy and satisfaction test; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; FD: Functional dyspepsia.