Naringenin prevents experimental liver fibrosis by blocking TGFβ-Smad3 and JNK-Smad3 pathways

Figure 10 Naringenin prevents Smad3 linker phosphorylation by JNK inhibition in CCl₄-treated rats. pJNK (A) and pSmad3L protein activation (B) and Smad3 protein levels (C) in samples of liver tissue were determined by western blot analysis from control rats, carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-treated rats, CCl₄ plus naringenin rats (CCl₄ + NAR), and rats administered with NAR alone (NAR). β-actin was used as a control. Values are expressed as fold increase of relative IOD normalized to the control group values (control = 1). Each bar represents the mean value of three rats ± SE. ^aP < 0.05 vs control group; ^bP < 0.05 vs CCl₄ group.