Advances in surgical management for locally recurrent rectal cancer: How far have we come?

Table 1 Conditions previously deemed contraindication to surgery for recurrent rectal cancer

Distant metastases
Stage IV primary disease
Sacral invasion above S2-S3
Diffuse/circumferential pelvic sidewall involvement resulting in hydronephrosis
Encasement (> 180°)of external iliac vessels
Invasion to anterior pubic bone
Extension of tumour through the sciatic notch