Gallbladder cancer epidemiology, pathogenesis and molecular genetics: Recent update

Table 6 Loss of heterozygosity and microsatellite instability studies reported in gallbladder cancer

Studied reported in respective population	LOH/MSI	Ref.
Chilean	LOH reported in : 3p, 6q, 7q, 8p, 9p, 9q, 11q, 12q, 17p, 18q, 19p, 22q, and Xq	[57]
Japan	LOH reported in : 2p, 4p, 4q, 8q,9q, 10p,14p,14q,16p, 19p, 21p and Xp [Maximum deletion- 2p24, 14q22 and 21q22]	[68]
Chilean, Japan	p53, 9p.8p, DCC, KRAS, p16, 16q24, 3p,9q, 22q and p161NK4	[54,66,109,112,185]
Greece	BAT-26	[186]
Chile, Japan	MSI reported (20%-33%)	[187,188]
India	E-cadherin (CDH1) 2p, 2q, 6q, 7q,17p	[189]
India	Fragile histidine triad (FHIT) MSI-H 17.5% LOH :27.5%	[190]
Japan	High incidences of LOH at 1p36 (19/36:53%), 9p21 (12/32:38%), 13q14 (20/36: 56%), 16q24 (31/54: 61%), and 17p13 (15/36: 42%)	[191]
Chile	FHIT gene locus (3p14.2)	[109]
India	LOH at 8 loci, that is 3p12, 3p14.2, 5q21, 9p21, 9q, 13q, 17p13, and 18q for tumor suppressor genes (DUTT1, FHIT, APC, p16, FCMD, RB1, p53, and DCC genes)	[192]
India	genomic instability at 2p, 2q, 6q, 7q, and 17p loci	[189]
Chile	DUTT1 (3p12), FHIT (3p14.2), BLU, RASSF1A, SEMA3B and hMLH1 (3p21.3)	[193]

LOH: Loss of heterozygosity; MSI: Microsatellite instability.