Dietary and metabolomic determinants of relapse in ulcerative colitis patients: A pilot prospective cohort study

Table 3 Comparison of major serum and urinary metabolites responsible for the separation between two groups of ulcerative colitis patients¹²

	UC groups		VIP score	Fold change (remission/relapse)	P value3
	Remission	Relapse
Trans-aconitate (urine)	0.5 (0.5-1.6)	3.6 (1.9-5.5)	1.9	0.2	0.02
3-hydroxybutyrate (serum)	21.0 (15.0-33.9)	127.8 (37.5-232.0)	1.4	0.2	< 0.01
Cystine (urine)	5.3 (4.0-8.6)	3.3 (1.4-5.9)	1.4	2.7	0.07
Acetamide (urine)	4.9 (2.7-7.1)	2.6 (0.8-3.8)	1.3	2.4	0.05
Acetoacetate (serum)	7.8 (5.8-13.0)	25.6 (10.5-60.2)	1.2	0.3	0.02
Acetone (serum)	5.3 (4.2-8.7)	11.9 (6.0-24.7)	1.1	0.4	0.06

¹Concentrations are presented as median (interquartile range);

²Unit of concentration for the metabolites in serum and urine is μmol and μmol/mmol, respectively;

³Obtained from Mann-Whitney U test.