Green tea polyphenols ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through upregulating AMPK activation in high fat fed Zucker fatty rats

Table 1 Effects of green tea polyphenols on parameters associated with obesity and metabolism

Paradigm parameter	Lean	ZF-Con	ZF-GTP
Initial body weight (g)	258.6 ± 9.5	369.8 ± 12.8b	370.4 ± 13.7
	344.8 ± 8.4	449.6 ± 17.6b	404.1 ± 10.8
Body weight (g)
Food intake (g/d/rat)	23.13 ± 0.04	17.01 ± 0.33a	16.52 ± 0.51
Liver weight (g)	11.84 ± 0.41	13.51 ± 0.82a	12.73 ± 0.74
Visceral adipose (g)	1.96 ± 0.57	9.16 ± 0.17e	6.32 ± 0.21d
Glucose (mmol/L)	4.38 ± 0.54	7.54 ± 1.70a	6.60 ± 1.22c
Insulin (μU/L)	0.55 ± 0.04	77.7 ± 14.3e	38.64 ± 11.2c
SHBG (nmol/L)	102.2 ± 6.9	82.6 ± 4.8a	91.2 ± 5.6c
Serum lipids levels
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.90 ± 0.07	5.42 ± 0.21b	4.04 ± 0.23c
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	0.11 ± 0.01	0.75 ± 0.02e	0.49 ± 0.04d
HDL (mmol/L)	2.64 ± 0.22	1.37 ± 0.21b	2.03 ± 0.07c
LDL (mmol/L)	1.37 ± 0.2	4.28 ± 0.42e	2.46 ± 0.36c
NEFAs (mmol/L)	0.76 ± 0.04	1.29 ± 0.03a	1.02 ± 0.07c

Zucker fatty (ZF) rat were fed high-fat diet for 2 wk then treated with saline (5 mL/kg of body weight), or green tea polyphenols (GTP, 200 mg/kg of body weight) for 8 wk. Metabolic parameters are represented as mean ± SEM from 12 rats each group.

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 and

^eP < 0.001 vs lean rats;

^cP < 0.05 and

^dP < 0.01 vs ZF-Con rats. NEFA: Non-esterified fatty acids; SHBG: Sexual hormone binding globulin.