Surgical management of liver diseases invading the hepatocaval confluence based on IH classification: The surgical guideline in our center

Table 7 Surgical technique of reported series of hepatectomies combined with inferior vena cava reconstruction

Ref.	Year	No. of cases	Indication	IVC repair type			Hepatic vein reconstruction	VVB	Perfusion	Technique	IVC reconstruction criteria
				Tube	Patch	Suture
DuBay et al[13]	2009	9	IVC leiomyosarcoma = 4; ICC = 2; PCC = 1; Metastases = 1; Malignant schwannoma = 1	7	0	0	Into the native IVC = 1; Into the graft = 5; Primary repair = 1	Not described	9	In situ perfusion	Not described
Malde et al[15]	2011	35	metastasis = 21; HCC = 6; ICC = 3; Other conditions = 5	11	2	22	Not described	Not described	12	In situ perfusion = 13; Anti situm = 3; Ex vivo = 6	< 2 cm: direct suture; > 2 cm: with patches; > 50% of the circumference and longitudinally infiltration: replacement
Azoulay et al[31]	2006	22	Metastasis = 9; ICC =8; HCC = 2; Other cancers = 3	10	4	8	Into the native IVC = 4; Into the graft =2	12	9	In situ perfusion = 9; Anti situm and ex vivo = 0; TVE only = 12; Others = 1	< 30% circumference: longitudinally suture; 30%-50% circumference: transversely suture; > 50% circumference: replacement
Madariaga et al[21]	2000	9	Metastasis = 1 IVC leiomyosarcoma = 3; ICC = 3; other cancers = 2	8	0	1	Into the graft = 1; Primary repair = 1	1	0	In situ perfusion, Anti situm and ex vivo = 0; TVE only = 3	Not described
Giordano et al[25]	2011	23	Metastases = 13; ICC = 3; HCC = 4; Others = 3	7	0	16	Into the graft = 1	4	4	In situ perfusion = 4; Anti situm = 0; Ex vivo = 0	< 30% of the circumference: suture; > 50% of the circumference: replacement
Hemming et al[24]	2012	60	ICC = 26; HCC = 16; Metastases = 13; Others = 5	38	14	8	Into the graft = 4	6 (ex vivo)	8	In situ perfusion = 8; Ex vivo = 6; Anti situm = 0	< 3 cm longitudinally: end-to-end anastomosis; > 5 cm sections of the anterolateral wall: with patches; 3-8 cm longitudinally : replacement
Yamamoto[29]	2012	7	ICC = 2; HCC = 5	4	1	2	Into the graft = 4	0	7	Anti-situm = 7	> 50% of the circumference: replacement
Lodge et al[10]	1999	8	Metastasis = 8	3	4	1	Into the native IVC = 1; Into the graft = 3	6 (4 ex vivo and 2 TVE)	Not described	Ex vivo = 4; TVE only = 4; Anti situm = 0	< 60° circumferentially and < 2 cm longitudinally: clamp tangentially

PCC: Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma; IVC: Inferior vena cava; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; ICC: Cholangiocarcinoma.