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©The Author(s) 2017.
World J Gastroenterol. May 28, 2017; 23(20): 3589-3606
Published online May 28, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i20.3589
Published online May 28, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i20.3589
Table 7 Primary response rates and predictors of seroconversion after hepatitis A virus vaccination in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients
Ref. | Dates | Design/Country | No. of patient1 | HAV/dosing schedules (mo) | CD4, cells/mm3 | PVL, log10, copies/mL | ART | Timing of response2, mo/cut-off3, mIU/mL/assay | Response rate (%): ITT/PP | Predictors and comments4 |
Tseng et al[115] | 2009-2010 | Prospective, Taiwan | Standard 2-dose | HAVRIX 1440 U/ | Mean, 538 | Mean, 2.5 | 67.1% | 12, 18/20, a. CIA (ARCHITECT HAVAb-IgG) b. ELISA (ETIAB- HAVK PLUS) | 12 m (CIA): 75.7/81.7 | MSM only study; Higher baseline CD4 and suppressed PVL; 3 doses over 2 doses |
All 126; | 2 doses (0, 6) | 12 m (ELISA): NA/88.6 | ||||||||
CD4 matched, 114 | 18 m (ELISA): NA/86.6 | |||||||||
3-dose | HAVRIX 1440/ | Mean, 452 | Mean, 3 | 58.2% | 12 m (CIA): 77.8/81.8 | |||||
All, 213; | 3 doses (0, 1, 6) | 12 m (ELISA): NA/89.2 | ||||||||
CD4 matched, 114 | 18 m (ELISA): NA/86.9 | |||||||||
Standard 2-dose | HAVRIX 1440/ | NA | NA | NA | 12 m (CIA): 88.5/97.9 | |||||
HIV-negative, 193 | 2 doses (0, 6) | 12 m (ELISA): NA/100 | ||||||||
18 m (ELISA): NA/100 | ||||||||||
Mena et al[116] | 1997-2009 | Retrospective, Spain | Standard 2-dose, 241 | HAVRIX 1440/ | Median, 531 | 55.3%5 | 61.4% | 10-16/20, CIA (Advia Centaur) | NA/80.7 | Higher CD4/CD8 ratio; 2 or more doses compared to 1 dose only; female; no HCV infection |
(0, 6-12) | ||||||||||
Accelerated, 41 | TWINRIX 720/ | Median, 543 | 73.2% | 80.5% | 5/20, CIA (Advia Centaur) | NA/70.7 | ||||
(0, 7, 21 d, 6-12) | ||||||||||
Jimenez et al[117] | 2002-2008 | Retrospective, United States | Standard 2-dose, 125 | HAVRIX 1440/ (0, 6-12) | Median, 410 | Median, 3.1 | 70.0% | Variable/< 0.8 signal relative to cut-off, CIA (Vitros ECi) | NA/54 | Higher baseline CD4 count and suppressed PVL |
101 | TWINRIX 720/ | NA/53 | ||||||||
(0, 1, 6-12) | ||||||||||
Kourkounti et al[118] | Retrospective, Greece | cART-experienced, 63 | HAVRIX 1440 or Vaqta 50/ (0, 6-12) | 628 | < 1.7 | 100.0% | 7-13/20, ELFA (VIDAS) | NA/78 | Higher baseline CD4 count | |
cART-naïve, 50 | 472 | 3.9 | 0.0% | NA/76 | ||||||
Weinberg et al[119] | 1994-2010 | Prospective observational, United States | Hormone oral contraceptive, 13 | 2 doses (0, 6) or 3 doses (0, 2, 6) | 478 | 47%5 | 78.0% | NA/20, ELISA (Mediagnost) | NA/62 | Women only study; Higher baseline CD4 count and suppressed PVL |
No contraceptive, 149 | NA/51 | |||||||||
Launay et al[120] | 2003-2005 | Randomized controlled trial, France | Standard 2-dose, 49 | HAVRIX 1440/ (0, 6) | Median, 355 | Median, < 1.7 | 78.0% | 6-18/20, ELISA (ETIAB- HAVK PLUS) | 6 m: 44.9/46.8 | Absence of tobacco smoking |
7 m: 69.4/72.3 | ||||||||||
18 m: 61.2/69.8 | ||||||||||
3-dose, 46 | HAVRIX 1440/ (0, 1, 6) | Median, 351 | Median, < 1.7 | 83.0% | 6 m: 69.6/74.4 | |||||
7 m: 82.6/88.4 | ||||||||||
18 m: 78.3/85.7 | ||||||||||
Overton et al[121] | 1997-2004 | Retrospective, United States | 1 or 2-dose, 268 | HAVRIX 1440/ | Mean, 447 | Mean, 2.9 | 67.5% | NA/NA | NA/49.6 | Male; PVL < 1000 copies/mL |
NA (1 or 2 doses) | ELISA (Not specified) | |||||||||
Weissman et al[122] | 2001-2003 | Retrospective, United States | Standard 2-dose, 138 | HAVRIX 1440/ | Mean, 424 | NA | 81.9% | 6-13/18, EIA (Abbot IMx HAV Ab) | 48.6 (67/138) | Female; CD4 count at vaccination > 200 cells/mm3 |
(0, 6-12) | ||||||||||
Wallace et al[123] | 1997-1998 | Randomized controlled trial, United States | Standard 2-dose, HIV-positive, 55 | Vaqta 50/ (0, 6) | Mean, 457.5 | 4.52 | 76.0% | 1, 6, 7, 12/10, Quantitative modified HAVAb assay (NA) | 1 m: NA/61, | 100% of subjects with CD4 counts ≥ 300 cells/mm3 seroconverted |
CD4 < 300/ 300+, 48/74 | ||||||||||
7 m: NA/94, | ||||||||||
CD4 < 300/ 300+, 87/100 | ||||||||||
12 m: NA/90, | ||||||||||
CD4 < 300/ 300+, 80/100 | ||||||||||
Standard 2-dose, HIV-negative, 72 | Vaqta 50/ (0, 6) | NA | NA | NA | 1 m: NA/90 | |||||
7 m: NA/100 | ||||||||||
13 m: NA/90 | ||||||||||
Kemper et al[124] | 1995-1997 | Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, United States | Standard 2-dose, HIV-positive, 48 | HAVRIX 1440/ (0, 6) | 376 | 3.29 | 91.0% | 1, 6, 7, 9/33, ELISA (Enzymun; Boehringer Mannheim) | 1 m: NA/11 | Subjects with higher baseline CD4 counts were more likely to seroconvert and to have higher antibody titers |
CD4 < 200/ 200+, 0/16 | ||||||||||
6 m: NA/9 | ||||||||||
CD4 < 200/ 200+, 0/13 | ||||||||||
7 m: NA/49, | ||||||||||
CD4 < 200/ 200+, 11/62 | ||||||||||
9 m: NA/52, | ||||||||||
CD4 < 200/ 200+, 9/67 | ||||||||||
Neilsen et al[125] | Pre-1996 | Randomized controlled trial, Australia | Accelerated 2-dose, HIV-positive, 48 | HAVRIX 1440/ (0, 1) | Mean 569 | NA | NA | 1, 3/20, ELISA (Enzymun; Boehringer Mannheim) | 1 m: NA/80.0 | MSM only study; subjects with higher baseline CD4 counts were more likely to seroconvert and to have higher antibody titers; Vaccine schedule did not affect response; HIV-negative subjects had higher seroconversion rates and GMTs |
7 m: NA/93.2 | ||||||||||
CD4 ≤ 200, 64 | ||||||||||
Standard 2-dose, HIV-positive, 42 | HAVRIX 1440/ (0, 6) | Mean 454 | NA | NA | 1, 7/20, ELISA (Enzymun; Boehringer Mannheim) | 1 m: NA/75.6 | ||||
7 m: NA/81.3 | ||||||||||
CD4 ≤ 200, 64 | ||||||||||
Standard 2-dose, HIV-negative, 46 | HAVRIX 1440/ (0, 6) | NA | NA | NA | 1, 7/20, ELISA (Enzymun; Boehringer Mannheim) | 1 m: NA/90.2 | ||||
7 m: NA/100 | ||||||||||
Wilde et al[126] | Pre-1995 | Prospective, United Kingdom | Three mini-dose, HIV-positive hemophiliacs, 31 | HAVRIX 720/ (0, 1, 6) | Median 450 (IgG positive after 2 doses) | NA | 0 | 1, 2, 7/20, EIA (SORIN Biomedica INCstar, Italy) | 2 m: NA/29 | Hemophiliacs only (all anti-HCV positive); no patients with CD4 counts < 170 cells/mm3 seroconverted |
Median 335 (IgG positive after 3 doses) | 7 m: NA/55 | |||||||||
Tilzey et al[127] | Pre-1995 | Prospective, United Kingdom | Three mini-dose, HIV-positive hemophiliacs, 25 | HAVRIX 720/ (0, 1, 6) | NA | NA | NA | 1, 2, 6, 7/20, ELISA (Boehringer-Mannheim) | 1 m: NA/26 | Men only study; After 3 doses, all HIV-positive hemophiliacs with anti-HAV titers of < 50 mIU/mL had CD4 counts < 100 cells/mm3. HAVRIX 1440 was given as a 4th booster dose to the 4 HIV vaccinees with anti-HAV < 50 mIU/mL after 3 doses; only 1 subsequently developed anti-HAV > 50 mIU/mL |
2 m: NA/50 | ||||||||||
6 m: NA/47 | ||||||||||
7 m: NA/76 | ||||||||||
Three mini-dose, HIV-negative hemophiliacs, 8 | HAVRIX 720/ (0, 1, 6) | NA | NA | NA | 1 m: NA/57 | |||||
2 m: NA/86 | ||||||||||
6 m: NA/100 | ||||||||||
7 m: NA/100 | ||||||||||
Three mini-dose, HIV-negative healthy controls, 25 | HAVRIX 720/ (0, 1, 6) | NA | NA | NA | 1 m: NA/100 | |||||
2 m: NA/100 | ||||||||||
6 m: NA/100 | ||||||||||
7 m: NA/100 | ||||||||||
Hess et al[128] | Pre-1994 | Prospective, controlled, Germany | Three mini-dose, HIV-positive MSM, 26 | HAVRIX 720/ (0, 1, 6) | 495 | NA | NA | 1, 2, 6, 7/20, ELISA (SB Biologicals) | 2 m: NA/78.6 | MSM only study; Seroconversion rates were independent of CD4 counts |
7 m: NA/76.9 | ||||||||||
Three mini-dose, HIV-negative MSM, 20 | HAVRIX 720/ (0, 1, 6) | NA | NA | NA | 2 m: NA/100 | |||||
7 m: NA/100 | ||||||||||
Santagostino et al[129] | Pre-1994 | NA, Italy | Three mini-dose, HIV-positive hemophiliacs, 47 | HAVRIX 720 (0, 1, 6) | NA | NA | NA | 1, 2, 7, 12/20 | 12 m: NA/76.6 | Hemophiliacs; Seroconversion rates were dependent on stage of HIV disease |
Three mini-dose, HIV-negative hemophiliacs, 66 | HAVRIX 720 (0, 1, 6) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 12 m: NA/100 |
- Citation: Lin KY, Chen GJ, Lee YL, Huang YC, Cheng A, Sun HY, Chang SY, Liu CE, Hung CC. Hepatitis A virus infection and hepatitis A vaccination in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients: A review. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23(20): 3589-3606
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v23/i20/3589.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i20.3589