Tumor-associated autoantibodies are useful biomarkers in immunodiagnosis of α-fetoprotein-negative hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 2 Analysis to determine the presence or absence of co-expression of antibodies to any combination of two of the three tumor-associated antigens in α fetoprotein-negative hepatocellular carcinoma, α fetoprotein-positive hepatocellular carcinoma, chronic liver disease and normal human control. The height of the bar represents the percentage of sera with co-expression of two antibodies, e.g., NPM1 antibody with 14-3-3zeta antibody, and NPM1 antibody with MDM2 antibody. AFP: Alpha fetoprotein; CLD: Chronic liver disease; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; NHC: Normal human control; TAAs: Tumor-associated antigens.