Tumor-associated autoantibodies are useful biomarkers in immunodiagnosis of α-fetoprotein-negative hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 1 Western blot analysis of representative sera of three anti-tumor-associated antigens autoantibodies assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lane 1: The polyclonal anti-NPM1 autoantibody and anti-14-3-3zeta autoantibody were used as positive control; Lanes 2 and 3: Two representative AFP-negative HCC serum samples which were positive in ELISA also had strong reactivity to 14-3-3zeta recombinant protein in western blot analysis; Lanes 4 and 5: Randomly selected chronic liver disease sera and normal human control, respectively, with negative reactivity to 14-3-3zeta recombinant protein. AFP: Alpha fetoprotein; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.