Consequences of metabolic syndrome on postoperative outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Table 1 Demographic characteristics n (%)

	Non-MS group (n = 241)	MS group (n = 29)	P value
Preoperative characteristics
Male gender	148 (61)	21 (72)	0.170
Age (yr), mean (range)	62.5 (30.6-88.7)	69.4 (52.1-80.3)	0.003
> 75 yr	8 (28)	42 (17)	0.141
ASA score ≤ 2	204 (85)	22 (76)	0.171
Median BMI (kg/m2)	23.5	27.2	0.001
> 30 kg/m2	11 (5)	6 (21)	0.0001
Diabetes	26 (11)	18 (62)	0.0001
Hypertension	66 (28)	28 (97)	0.0001
Dyslipidemia	33 (14)	25 (86)	0.0001
Cardio-respiratory comorbidity
Coronary heart disease	17 (7)	4 (14)	0.181
COPD	7 (3)	1 (3)	0.608
Alcohol	34 (14)	3 (10)	0.401
Tobacco	45 (19)	3 (10)	0.190
Initial presentation
Jaundice	47 (20)	9 (31)	0.004
Biliary stenting	80 (34)	17 (59)	0.008
Abdominal pain	74 (31)	4 (14)	0.179
Baseline CA 19-9, mean (range)	312.8 (0-5300)	430.4 (35.2-1054)	0.710
Tumor diameter > 30 mm	80 (34)	6 (21)	0.838
Indications
Malignant disease	211 (86)	27 (93)	0.516
Adenocarcinoma	141 (59)	17 (59)	0.842
Malignant ampuloma	25 (10)	2 (7)	0.557
Cholangiocarcinoma	21 (9)	5 (17)	0.142
Endocrine tumor	10 (4)	2 (7)	0.499
Other	14 (6)	1 (3)	0.148
Benign disease	30 (12)	2 (7)	0.385
IPMN	22 (9)	1 (3)	0.302
Other	8 (3)	1 (3)	0.742

MS: Metabolic syndrome; ASA: American society of anesthesiologists; BMI: Body mass index; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IPMN: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.