Potential role of nutraceutical compounds in inflammatory bowel disease

Table 1 Randomized controlled trials using probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in patients with inflammatory bowel diseaes

Ref.	Treatment	Duration	Subjects (n)	Findings
Malchow et al[20] 1997	E. coli Nissle 1917	12 mo	Active CD (28)	Trend toward reduced relapse rate
Guslandi[21] 2000	S. boulardii	6 mo	Active CD (32)	Significant reduction in relapse rate
Bourreille et al[22] 2013	S. boulardii	12 mo	Active CD (165)	No significant reduction in relapse rate
Garcia Vilela et al[23] 2008	S. boulardii	3 mo	Remission CD (34)	Reduction in intestinal permeability
Sood et al[25] 2009	VSL#3	12 wk	Active UC (147)	Significant achieved remission
Tursi et al[26] 2010	VSL#3	8 wk	Active UC (144)	Significant reduction in disease activity
Ishikawa et al[27] 2003	Bifidobacteria	12 mo	Remission UC (21)	Significant maintenance of remission
Kruis et al[28] 2004	E. coli Nissle 1917	12 mo	Remission UC (327)	Equivalence to mesalazine in remission
Rembacken et al[29] 1999	E. coli Nissle 1917	12 mo	Remission UC (166)	Equivalence to mesalazine in remission
Hafer et al[33] 2007	Lactulose	4 mo	Active CD and UC (31)	No clinical benefits
Benjamin et al[34] 2011	Fructo-oligosaccharides	4 wk	Active CD (103)	No clinical benefits
Steed et al[35] 2010	B. longum plus inulin/oligofructose mix	6 mo	Active CD (35)	Significant improvement in CDAI scores
Ishikawa et al[36] 2011	B. breve plus galacto-oligosaccharide	12 mo	Active UC (41)	Improvement of endoscopic score

E. coli: Escherichia coli.