Biliary tract cancer stem cells - translational options and challenges

doi:10.3748/wjg.v23.i14.2470

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Apr 14, 2017 (publication date) through Dec 25, 2024

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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World J Gastroenterol. Apr 14, 2017; 23(14): 2470-2482
Published online Apr 14, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i14.2470

Table 1 Surface and functional cancer stem cell markers in biliary tract cancer and their clinical consequences

Marker	Tissue	M	R	S	TS	Comment	Ref
Surface stem cell markers
CD24	CC, IHC	↑	↑	↓			[68-70]
CD44	CC, EHC, IHC, peri-hilar CC, HCC-CC	↑		↓		↓differentiation, ↑recurrence	[28,71-75]
CD133	CC			↓	↑		[28,63,71]
CXCR4	GBC, IHC	↑		↓	↑	↑vascular invasion	[52,76]
EpCAM	IHC			↓			[28,77]
Functional stem cell markers
ALDH1	EHC, IHC, perihilar CC		↑	↓			[58,78]
BMI1	EHC, HCC-CC, IHC, perihilar CC					↑in tumor specimens	[71,79,80]
NANOG	EHC, IHC, perihilar CC
NESTIN	EHC, IHC, perihilar CC
OCT3/4	GBC, CC	↑		↓	↑	↑tumor size	[63,81]
SALL4	IHC	↑		↓		↑vascular and nerve invasion	[82]
SOX2	EHC, IHC, perihilar CC	↑		↓	↑		[71,74]

CC: Cholangiocarcinoma; EHC: Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; GBC: Gallbladder cancer; HCC-CC: Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma; IHC: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; M: Metastasis; R: Therapeutic resistance; S: Survival; TS: Tumor stage.

Citation: Mayr C, Ocker M, Ritter M, Pichler M, Neureiter D, Kiesslich T. Biliary tract cancer stem cells - translational options and challenges. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23(14): 2470-2482
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v23/i14/2470.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i14.2470