Predictors for difficult cecal insertion in colonoscopy: The impact of obesity indices

Table 3 Cecal insertion time according to study variables, by gender, with P values estimated by univariable analysis n (%)

	Male (n = 1012)			Female (n = 666)
	Cecal insertion time (min)		P value	Cecal insertion time (min)		P value
	≤ 10 (n = 800)	> 10 (n = 212)		≤ 10 (n = 478)	> 10 (n = 188)
Age (yr)			0.089			0.619
< 65	726 (90.8)	184 (86.8)		438 (91.6)	170 (90.4)
≥ 65	74 (9.3)	28 (13.2)		40 (8.4)	18 (9.6)
Obesity indices
BMI (kg/m2)			0.007			0.013
< 23	202 (25.3)	58 (27.4)		255 (53.3)	118 (62.8)b
23-24.9	261 (32.6)	46 (21.7)a		127 (26.6)	30 (16.0)
≥ 25	337 (42.1)	108 (50.9)		96 (20.1)	40 (21.3)
WHR			0.414			0.332
Normal	118 (14.8)	36 (17.1)		139 (29.1)	62 (33.0)
High	680 (85.2)	175 (82.9)		338 (70.9)	126 (67.0)
WC (cm)			0.396			0.508
Normal	768 (96.1)	201 (94.8)		330 (69.0)	134 (71.7)
High	31 (3.9)	11 (5.2)		148 (31.0)	53 (28.3)
VAT volume (cm3)			0.123			0.020
< 500	73 (9.1)	24 (11.3)		164 (34.3)	86 (45.7)c
500-1499	606 (75.8)	146 (68.9)		300 (62.8)	96 (51.1)
≥ 1500	121 (15.1)	42 (19.8)		14 (2.9)	6 (3.2)
SAT volume (cm3)			0.511			0.082
< 1000	90 (11.3)	23 (10.8)		17 (3.6)	7 (3.7)
1000-1999	575 (71.9)	146 (68.9)		256 (53.6)	118 (62.8)
≥ 2000	135 (16.9)	43 (20.3)		205 (42.9)	63 (33.5)
History of abdominal surgery			0.087			0.213
No	687 (85.9)	172 (81.1)		390 (81.6)	161 (85.6)
Yes	113 (14.1)	40 (18.9)		88 (18.4)	27 (14.4)
Constipation			0.480			0.350
No	740 (92.5)	193 (91.0)		408 (85.4)	155 (82.4)
Yes	60 (7.5)	19 (9.0)		70 (14.6)	33 (17.6)
Experience			< 0.001			0.015
Attending physicians	552 (69.0)	115 (54.2)		281 (58.8)	91 (48.4)
Fellow	248 (31.0)	97 (45.8)		197 (41.2)	97 (51.6)
Bowel preparation			0.561			0.462
Excellent to fair	561 (70.1)	153 (72.2)		359 (75.1)	136 (72.3)
Poor to inadequate	239 (29.9)	59 (27.8)		119 (24.9)	52 (27.7)
Diverticulosis			0.135			0.966
No	734 (91.8)	201 (94.8)		465 (97.3)	183 (97.3)
Yes	66 (8.3)	11 (5.2)		13 (2.7)	5 (2.7)

WHR: male n = 1009, female n = 665; WC: male n = 1011, female n = 665.

^aP = 0.004 vs BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²,

^bP = 0.009 vs BMI 23-24.9 kg/m²,

^cP = 0.015 vs VAT volume 500-1499 cm³. BMI: Body mass index; WHR: Waist-to-hip circumference ratio; WC: Waist circumference; VAT: Visceral adipose tissue; SAT: Subcutaneous adipose tissue.