Maximizing the endosonography: The role of contrast harmonics, elastography and confocal endomicroscopy

Table 6 Efficiency of E-endoscopic ultrasound for solid pancreatic mass assessment

Ref.	Type of study	Final diagnosis	No. of patients	E-EUS assessment	Main results
Giovannini et al[58] 2006	Prospective	Surgery	24	Color pattern	Sn = 100%
	Single center	EUS-FNA			Sp = 67%
Janssen et al[75] 2007	Prospective	Surgery	73	Color pattern	-
	Single center	EUS-FNA
Săftoiu et al[60] 2008	Prospective	Surgery	43	Hue histogram cut-off value=175	Sn = 91%, Sp = 87%, PPV = 88%. NPV = 90%, Acc = 89%
	Single center	EUS-FNA
Iglesias-Garcia et al[72] 2009	Prospective	Surgery	130	Color pattern	Sn = 100%, Sp = 85%, PPV = 90%, NPV= 100%, Acc = 94%
	Single center	EUS-FNA
Giovannini et al[79] 2009	Prospective	Surgery	121	Color pattern	Sn = 92%
	Multicenter	EUS-FNA			Sp = 80%
Iglesias-Garcia et al[57] 2010	Prospective	Surgical	86	SR = 4.62	Sn = 100%, Sp = 92%
	Single center	FNA
Săftoiu et al[59] 2011	Prospective	Surgery	258	Hue histogram cut-off value = 175	Sn = 93%, Sp = 66%, PPV = 92%, NPV = 68%, Acc = 85%
	Multicenter	EUS-FNA
Itokawa et al[73] 2011	Retrospective		109	SR=39.08	-
Hocke et al[13] 2012	Prospective	Surgical	58	Color pattern	Sn = 94.7%
	Single center	EUS-FNA			Sp = 33.4%
		Follow up
Figueiredo et al[71] 2012	Prospective	Surgical	47	SR = 8	Sn = 90% Sp = 75%
	Single center	EUS-FNA
		Follow up
Dawwas et al[70] 2012	Prospective	Surgical	111	SR = 4.69 (AUC = 0.69)	Sn = 100%, Sp = 16.7%, PPV = 86%, NPV = 100%, Acc = 86%
	Single center	EUS-FNA		Masks elasticity (AUC= 0.72)	Sn = 95%, Sp = 22%, PPV = 86%, NPV = 50%, Acc = 83%
Lee et al[74] 2013	Retrospective	-	15	Color pattern	-
				SR = 0.02%
Havre et al[54] 2014	Prospective	Surgery	48	SR = 4.4	Sn = 67%, Sp = 71%
		EUS-FNA
		Follow-up
Rustemovic et al[93] 2014	Prospective	Surgery	149	SR = 7.59	Sn = 100%
	Single center	EUS-FNA			Sp = 45%
Kongkam et al[69] 2015	Prospective	Surgery	38	SR=3.17	Sn = 86%, Sp = 66%
	Single center	EUS-FNA
Opačić et al[94] 2015	Prospective	Surgery	105 pancreatic mass	Hue histogram	Sn = 98%, Sp = 50%, PPV = 92%, NPV = 100%, Ac = 69%
	Single center	EUS-FNA	44 controls
Mayerle et al[68] 2016	Prospective	Surgery	85	SR = 24.82 or 10	Sn = 77%, Sp = 65%
	Single center	EUS-FNA			Sn = 96%, Sp = 43%
		Follow-up

E-EUS: Elastography endosonography; SR: Cut-off value of strain ratio; Sn: Sensitivity; Sp: Specificity; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; Acc: Accuracy; EUS-FNA: Endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle aspiration.