Health-related quality of life in gastroesophageal reflux patients with noncardiac chest pain: Emphasis on the role of psychological distress

Table 1 Patient characteristics

	GERD without CP	GERD with NCCP	GERD with CCP
	(n = 182)	(n = 124)	(n = 52)
Age (mean ± SD, yr)	46.16 ± 11.51	51.59 ± 11.44b	61.13 ± 13.66bd
Sex (male/female)	104/78 (1.33:1)	78/46 (1.70:1)	36/16 (2.25:1)
BMI (mean ± SD, kg/m2)	23.44 ± 4.23	22.97 ± 3.19	23.26 ± 3.57
Smoking, n (%)	39 (21.2)	37 (29.8)	14 (26.9)
Alcohol, n (%)	48 (26.4)	26 (21.0)	12 (23.1)

^bP < 0.01 GERD with NCCP or CCP vs GERD without CP;

^dP < 0.01, GERD with CCP vs GERD with NCCP. BMI: Body mass index; CCP: Cardiac chest pain; CP: Chest pain; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; NCCP: Noncardiac chest pain.