Helicobacter pylori infection is not associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Table 2 Univariable analysis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease according to hepatic steatosis index and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease liver fat score scores

	HSI1			NAFLD-LFS2
	OR	95%CI	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
Age	0.993	0.986-0.999	0.034	1.017	1.010-1.024	< 0.001
Male				2.043	1.731-2.410	< 0.001
Body mass index				1.460	1.413-1.509	< 0.001
Hypertension	2.001	1.703-2.350	< 0.001
Metabolic syndrome	4.757	4.002-5.654	< 0.001
Smoking	1.327	1.144-1.539	< 0.001	1.301	1.115-1.517	0.001
Alcohol	1.022	0.881-1.186	0.772	0.902	0.773-1.051	0.186
Presence of H. pylori	1.109	0.956-1.286	0.173	1.022	0.876-1.193	0.778
Fasting glucose	1.024	1.020-1.027	< 0.001
Insulin	1.244	1.218-1.270	< 0.001
HOMA-IR	2.240	2.076-2.417	< 0.001
Total cholesterol	1.005	1.003-1.007	< 0.001	1.004	1.001-1.006	0.001
Triglyceride	1.009	1.007-1.010	< 0.001
HDL-C	0.932	0.925-0.940	< 0.001
LDL-C	1.008	1.006-1.010	< 0.001	1.003	1.000-1.005	0.021
C-reactive protein	1.410	1.163-1.710	< 0.001	1.602	1.298-1.978	< 0.001

Factors included in each scoring formula, such as sex, body mass index, diabetes, insulin, and metabolic syndrome components, were excluded from the analysis.

¹HSI: 8 × ALT/AST + body mass index (if diabetes mellitus, +2; if female, +2);

²NAFLD-LFS: -2.89 + 1.18 × metabolic syndrome (yes = 1, no = 0) + 0.45 × type 2 diabetes (yes = 2, no = 0) + 0.15 × insulin (mU/L) + 0.04 × AST (U/L) - 0.94 × AST/ALT. NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; HSI: Hepatic steatosis index; NAFLD-LFS: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease liver fat score; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.