Gender difference in gastro-esophageal reflux diseases

Table 3 The male/female ratio in the prevalence of esophageal adenocarcinoma

	Ref.	Ethnicity/country	Per million		Study period	Male/female ratio
			Men	Women
United States	Dubecz et al[48], 2013	White	40	11	1980	3.7
		Non-white	23	10		2.3
		White	65	15	1990	4.4
		Non-white	30	19		1.6
		White	90	20	2000	4.5
		Non-white	27	18		1.5
Europe	van Soest et al[39], 2005	Netherlands	39	12	1996-2003	3.3
	Lepage et al[49], 2008	England and Wales	NA	NA	1971-2001	5.0
	Hvid-Jensen et al[42], 2011	Denmark	56	10	1992-2009	5.6
	Pohl et al[37], 2013	Germany	87	23	2005-2009	3.8
	Hillman et al[43], 2003	Australia	11	2	1981-2001	5.5
Asia/Oceania	Ozawa et al[50], 2010	Japan	3661	574	2002	6.4
	Chang et al[51], 2002	Taiwan	93%	7%	1981-1995	13.3
	Fernandes et al[52], 2006	Singapore	96	30	1968-2002	3.2

NA: Non-applicable (data not available).