Gender difference in gastro-esophageal reflux diseases

Table 2 The male/female ratio in the prevalence of Barrett’s esophagus

	Ref.	Country	Number		Study period	Male/female ratio
			Men	Women
Columnar lined epithelium with intestinal metaplasia
United States	Rudolph et al[30], 2000	United States	226	83	1993-1998	2.8
	Conio et al[31], 2001	United States	108	46	1969-1998	2.4
	Kubo et al[32], 2013	United States/Ireland /Australia	786	316	1997-2003	2.5
Europe	Bani-Hani et al[33], 2000	United Kingdom	179	128	1984-1995	1.4
	van Blankenstein et al[34], 2005	United Kingdom	248	127	1982-1996	1.4
	Anderson et al[35], 2003	Northern Ireland	819	473	1993-1999	1.8
	Kulig et al[36], 2003	Germany/Austria /Switzerland	456	246	2000-2001	1.9
	Pohl et al[37], 2013	Germany	NA	NA	2005-2009	2.6
	Conio et al[38], 2003	Italy	135	31	1987-1997	4.4
	van Soest et al[39], 2005	Netherlands	158	102	1996-2003	1.6
	de Jonge et al[40], 2010	Netherlands	NA	NA	1996-2006	1.7
	Ronkainen et al[41], 2005	Sweden	9	7	1998	1.3
	Hvid-Jensen et al[42], 2011	Denmark	7366	3662	1992-2009	2.1
Asia/Oceania	Hillman et al[43], 2003	Australia	NA	NA	1981-2001	2.5
Columnar lined epithelium irrespective of intestinal metaplasia
Europe	Coleman et al[45], 2011	Northern Ireland	5482	3897	1993-2005	1.4
	Masclee et al[46], 2014	United Kingdom	7811	4501	2000-2011	1.8
		Netherlands	856	527	2000-2012	1.7
Asia	Dong et al[47], 2013	China	2452	1377	2001-2011	1.8

NA: Non-applicable (data not available).