Anti-viral role of toll like receptor 4 in hepatitis B virus infection: An in vitro study

Figure 4 Changes in expression of important toll like receptor 4 pathway signaling molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines on toll like receptor 4 activation with its specific ligand (LPS). A: Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway was stimulated with its specific ligand LPS-B5 Ultrapure. At the specified dose, the signaling molecules involved in TLR4 signaling pathway showed upregulated mRNA expression compared to HepG2.2.15 cells (^aP < 0.05); B: Cytokine concentration on triggering the TLR4 pathway. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1B, IL-10, IL-12p70 and TNF-A) showed increased protein expression on TLR4 activation by using cytokine bead array.