Clinical features of acute hepatitis E super-infections on chronic hepatitis B

Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics, clinical features and laboratory data for hepatitis B virus-hepatitis E virus co-infected patients

Characteristic	Total patients	Cirrhotic patients	Non-cirrhotic patients	P value
	(n = 228)	(n = 94)	(n = 134)
Baseline characteristics
Age (yr) (Q1-Q3)	49 (37-58)	55 (44.8-62.3)	44 (35.0-53.3)	< 0.001
Male sex, n (%)	167 (73.3)	74 (78.7)	93 (69.4)	0.118
Alcohol, n (%)	74 (34.5)	37 (39.4)	37 (27.6)	0.062
Smoker, n (%)	72 (31.6)	30 (31.9)	42 (31.3)	0.927
Clinical features, n (%)
Bilirubin > 10-fold ULN	76 (33.3)	33 (35.1)	43 (32.1)	0.634
Ascites	83 (36.4)	62 (66)	21 (15.7)	< 0.001
Infection	73 (32)	47 (50)	26 (19.4)	< 0.001
HE	39 (17.1)	24 (25.5)	15 (11.2)	< 0.010
GH	11 (4.8)	11 (11.7)	0	< 0.001
Outcomes of disease, n (%)
Severe disease	111 (48.7)	73 (77.7)	38 (28.4)	< 0.001
Mortality	30 (13.2)	20 (21.3)	10 (7.5)	< 0.010
Laboratory parameters
ALT (IU/L)	239.5 (62.5-773.5)	115 (10.8-456.8)	429.5 (89.8-966.8)	< 0.001
AST (IU/L)	144 (63-422.5)	112 (54.5-364.5)	185 (74.5-475.0)	0.077
Tbil (μmol/L)	61.5 (19.0-257.6)	68.1 (22.8-296.5)	59.6 (16.9-246.8)	0.245
ALB (g/dL)	37.8 (32.1-40)	33.1 (28.7-36.7)	38.1 (34.4-40.9)	< 0.001
INR	1.2 (1.0-1.6)	1.4 (1.2-1.8)	1.1 (1.0-1.3)	< 0.001
LEU count (109/L)	5.3 (4.1-7.1)	4.6 (3.3-6.6)	6.0 (4.6-7.2)	< 0.001
Platelet count (109/L)	115 (78-163)	83 (53.8-114.3)	147.5 (97.8-182.3)	< 0.001
NEU count (109/L)	1.4 (1.0-1.9)	1.1 (0.8-1.5)	1.7 (1.2-2.2)	0.080

Data are presented as median (Q1-Q3) and number of patients (%). Severe disease was defined as liver failure and/or liver decompensation. ALB: Albumin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GH: Gastrointestinal hemorrhage; HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; INR: International normalized ratio; LEU: Leukocytes; NEU: Neutrophil; Tbil: Total bilirubin; ULN: Upper limit of normal.