Gastrointestinal neuromuscular apparatus: An underestimated target of gut microbiota

Figure 1 Dysbiosis and intestinal motility disorders. One hypothesis regarding the pathogenesis of functional intestinal disorders suggests that dysbiosis increases paracellular permeability leading to translocation of luminal contents with activation of immunocytes, cytokines and inflammatory mediators release. The activation of this state of inflammation and the presence of bacterial components, such as LPS, lead to nociceptive hypersensitivity, thus explaining the pain, and to enteric nervous system (ENS) or muscle impairment, thus explaining the intestinal motor disorders. LPS: Lipopolysaccharide.