Low phase angle is associated with the development of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis

Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of the study population according to the presence of hepatic encephalopathy

	HE (n= 115)	Non-HE (n= 105)	Pvalue
Age (yr)	54.2 ± 10.3	51.8 ± 11.7	0.109
BMI (kg/m2)	26.4 (21.3-30.7)	27.4 (24-30.5)	0.185
MAMC (cm)	22.3 (20.3-26.4)	24.4(21.1-26.98)	0.230
Phase angle (°)	4.6 (4.0-5.5)	5.3 (4.6-6.1)	0.000
Child-Pugh (points)	8 (7-10)	6 (5-8)	0.000
MELD score	13 (10-15)	10 (8-12)	0.000
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	2.1 (1.3-3.4)	1.5 (1.0-2.6)	0.001
Albumin (mg/dL)	3.4 ± 0.6	2.9 ± 0.6	0.000
INR	1.3 (1.2-1.4)	1.2 (1.1-1.3)	0.005
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.84 (0.67-1.09)	0.72 (0.63-0.83)	0.000
Sodium (mEq/L)	136 (133-139)	139 (136-141)	0.000
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	12.2 (10.3-14.3)	14.0 (12.1-15.3)	0.000
Ammonia (μ/dL)	83.9 (50.9-123.3)	56.3 (37.6-80.3)	0.000

Data presented as mean ± SD, median (P25-P75). HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; BMI: Body mass index; MAMC: Mid-arm muscle circumference; MELD: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; INR: International normalized ratio.