Psychological effects of colorectal cancer screening: Participants vs individuals not invited

Table 2 Mean anxiety, depression and health-related quality of life change scores from baseline to 1-year follow-up for participants with positive and negative screening results, the two screening groups and the control group

	Control group	Positive	Negative	FS	FIT	Screening group
		(Cohen’s d)	(Cohen’s d)	(Cohen’s d)	(Cohen’s d)	(Cohen’s d)
Anxiety	0.05	0.12	0.13	0.17	0.09	0.13
		(-0.03)	(-0.04)	(-0.05)	(-0.02)	(-0.04)
Depression	0.15	-0.06	0.20	0.20	0.16	0.19
		(0.10)	(-0.02)	(-0.02)	(-0.01)	(-0.02)
SF-12
PF	-1.16	-3.831	-1.50	-1.13	-2.12	-1.71
		(0.14)	(0.02)	(-0.01)	(0.05)	(0.03)
RP	-1.86	-0.97	-3.54	-4.051	-2.77	-3.39
		(-0.03)	(0.05)	(0.06)	(0.03)	(0.04)
RE	-2.03	-3.37	-2.89	-2.04	-3.67	-2.99
		(0.04)	(0.03)	(0.01)	(0.05)	(0.03)
MH	-0.41	-0.58	-1.28	-1.23	-1.20	-1.23
		(0.01)	(0.06)	(0.05)	(0.05)	(0.05)
GH	-1.81	-2.09	-0.451	0.061	-1.08	-0.571
		(0.02)	(-0.09)	(-0.12)	(-0.05)	(-0.08)
BP	-1.57	0.57	-1.11	-0.73	-1.18	-1.01
		(-0.11)	(-0.02)	(-0.04)	(-0.02)	(-0.03)
VT	-1.44	-0.19	-1.93	-1.24	-2.20	-1.8
		(-0.06)	(0.02)	(-0.01)	(0.04)	(0.02)
SF	-1.10	-1.35	-1.47	-1.50	-1.38	-1.46
		(0.01)	(0.02)	(-0.02)	(0.02)	(0.02)

ANOVA

¹The change from baseline to one year follow up is significantly different from the change observed in the control group. A Cohen’s d effect size above 0.5 is defined as a clinically relevant change. HRQOL dimensions: PF: Physical functioning; RP: Role-physical, limitation associated with physical problems; RE: Role-emotional, limitations associated with emotional problems; MH: Mental Health; GH: General health; BP: Bodily pain; VT: Vitality, energy and happiness; SF: Social Functioning; FS: Flexible sigmoidoscopy; FIT: Faecal immunochemical test; HRQOL: Health-related quality of life.