Impact of frailty on approach to colonic resection: Laparoscopy vs open surgery

Table 1 Patient characteristics, tumor factors and postoperative outcomes by type of procedure for patients undergoing colorectal resection, ACS-NSQIP 2005-2012

Characteristics, mean (± SD), (n)	Open colectomy n (%)	Lap colectomy n (%)	P value
Age 61.3 ± 15.17	61.89 ± 15.31	60.55 ± 14.93	< 0.0001
Race
AA (8778)	5823 (10.46)	2955 (7.55)	< 0.0001
White (73879)	42801 (76.90)	31087 (79.38)
Other (3808)	2043 (3.67)	1765 (4.51)
Unknown (8346)	4992 (8.97)	3354 (8.57)
Gender			0.62
Male (45383)	26606 (47.08)	18777 (47.96)
Female (49428)	29053 (52.50)	20375 (52.04)
ASA
Unknown (84)	60 (0.11)	24 (0.06)	< 0.0001
1 (2962)	1276 (2.30)	1686 (4.31)
2 (46287)	23687 (42.50)	22600 (57.72)
3 (40773)	26898 (48.30)	13875 (35.44)
4 (4627)	3664 (6.58)	963 (2.46)
5 (78)	74 (0.13)	4 (0.01)
Frailty index
0 (42507)	23651 (42.49)	18856 (48.16)	< 0.0001
1 (35596)	20838 (37.44)	14759 (37.69)
2 (11774)	7562 (13.59)	4212 (10.76)
≥ 3 (4934)	3608 (6.48)	1326 (3.39)
Type of intervention			< 0.0001
APR (524)	524 (100)	0 (0)
LAR (21300)	12056 (21.66)	9244 (23.61)
TPC (3760)	2514 (4.52)	1246 (3.18)
Total colectomy (3210)	2556 (4.59)	654 (1.67)
Partial colectomy (61646)	34311 (61.65)	27335 (69.82)
Sigmoid colectomy (4371)	3698 (6.64)	673 (1.72)
Complication
Yes (23755)	17241 (30.98)	6514 (16.64)	< 0.0001
No (71056)	38418 (69.02)	32638 (83.36)
Complication by severity
Minor (9,996)	6884 (12.37)	3112 (7.95)	< 0.0001
Mayor (13759)	10357 (18.61)	3402 (8.69)
No complication (71056)	38418 (69.02)	32638 (83.36)
LOS, 8.32 ± 9.28	9.88 ± 10.37	5.89 ± 6.40	< 0.0001
Prolonged LOS
Yes (4472)	3768 (10.42)	704 (3.19)	< 0.0001
No (53755)	32397 (89.58)	21358 (96.81)
Mortality (30 d)
Yes (1766)	1463 (2.63)	303 (0.77)	< 0.0001
No (93045)	54196 (97.37)	38849 (99.23)
Total patients	55659 (58.7)	39152 (41.3)	94811

Lap: Laparoscopic; ACS-NSQIP: American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program; AA: African Americans; APR: Abdominoperineal resection; LAR: Low anterior resection; TPC: Total abdominal proctocolectomy; LOS: Length of stay.