Presepsin teardown - pitfalls of biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of bacterial infection in cirrhosis

Table 4 Performance characteristics of presepsin and other acute phase proteins during bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis in various clinical settings

	Variable	Cut-off values	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV	LR+	LR-
INF overall	Presepsin (pg/mL)	844	60.0%	84.45	67.2%	79.9%	3.85	0.47
	PCT (μmol/L)	0.39	53.3%	93.65	81.6%	79.0%	8.36	0.50
	CRP (mg/L)	10.8	78.7%	84.4%	78.2%	88.1%	5.04	0.25
	At least one marker positive (Presepsin/CRP)		88.0%	74.5%	64.7%	92.1%	3.45	0.16
	At least one marker positive (PCT/CRP)		81.3%	84.2%	69.3%	91.1%	5.15	0.22
INF + OF	Presepsin (pg/mL)	1206	87.5%	74.5%	61.8%	92.75	3.43	0.17
	PCT (μmol/L)	0.5	79.2%	76.5%	61.3%	88.6%	3.36	0.27
	CRP (mg/L)	40.5	62.5%	76.5%	55.6%	81.2%	2.66	0.49

PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; LR+: Positive likelihood ratio; LR-: Negative likelihood ratio; PCT: Procalcitonin; CRP: C-reactive protein; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; INF: Infection; OF: Organ failure.