Presepsin teardown - pitfalls of biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of bacterial infection in cirrhosis

Table 2 Association of classic acute phase proteins with mortality in patients with cirrhosis

Ref.	Year	Journal	Population	n	Outcome	Measure	Value
C-reactive protein
Reuken et al[72]	2013	Liver Int	Ascites	108	90-d mortality	AUC	0.69 (0.59-0.79), P = 0.001
Moreno et al[69]	2013	Liver Int	Non-septic	95	1-yr mortality	AUC	0.71 (0.6-0.8), P < 0.001
Mortensen et al[70]	2012	Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol	Stable alcohol cirrhosis	45	Long term mortality (about 6- yr)	HR1
							1.074 (1.001-1.153), P = 0.046
Wiese et al[74]	2014	Liver Int	Stable cirrhotic	193	1- yr survival	HR	1.18, P = 0.0483
Lim et al[68]	2014	Plos One	SBP	75	30-d mortality	AUC	0.64 (0.49-0.79), P = 0.076
						HR	ND, P = 0.064
Schwabl et al[73]	2015	Liver Int	SBP	168	30-d mortality	HR1	1.067 (1.004-1.134), P = 0.037
Ha et al[65]	2011	Korean J Intern Med	Bacteraemia	202	30-d mortality	Difference	Survivor vs non-survivor2
							37.8 vs 34.3 mg/L, P = 0.721
Cervoni et al[20]	2012	J Hepatol	CPs > 7	148	180-d mortality	AUC	0.63 (0.51-0.73), P = ND
						HR14	2.73 (1.41-5.26), P = 0.003
Di Martino et al[64]	2015	Liver Transplant	CPs > 7	109	90-d mortality	HR14	2.21 (1.03-4.76), P = 0.042
Cervoni et al[63]	2016	Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol	CPs > 7	583	90-d mortality	HR14	1.69 (1.01-2.81), P = 0.046
Park et al[71]	2015	J Korean Med Sci	Alcoholic cirrhosis various reasons for admission	409	30-d mortality	OR	"CRP > 20 not independent predictor"
Ximenes et al[75]	2016	Am J Emerg Med	Hepatic decompensation	149	Inhospital mortality	OR	OR: ND, P > 0.100
Kwon et al[67]	2015	BMC Gastroenterol	Acute decompensation	184	30 d survival	OR	OR: ND, P = 0.122
Lazzarotto et al[19]	2013	Ann Hepatol	Acute decompensation	64	90 d survival	Difference	Survivor vs non-survivor2
							7 vs 41 mg/L, P = 0.026
Kronenberger et al[66]	2012	BMC Med	Acute decompensation + outpatients	120	Overall survival (196 ± 165 d)	HR	Univariate: 0.314 (0.141-0.702) , P = 0.005
							Multivariate: ND, P = 0.077
Procalcitonin
Lin et al[80]	2015	J Crit Care	Acute decompensation	96	Sepsis in-hospital mortality	AUC	0.692
Kotecha et al[79]	2013	Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol	Cirrhosis + SIRS	100	In-hospital survival	OR1	0.949 (0.868-1.037), P = 0.249
Connert et al[78]	2003	Z Gastroenterol	Compensated + decompensated	100	60-d mortality	Percent died	< 0.58 vs≥ 0.58:
							9.1% vs 46.7%, P < 0.001
Al-Dorzi et al[76]	2014	Clin Lab	Septic shock	45	28-d mortality	Difference	Low PCT vs high PCT:
							80% vs 77%, P = 0.61
Berres et al[77]	2009	Liver Int	Critically ill	38	ICU mortality	Difference	NA, P = NS

¹Adjusted for MELD score;

²Median values;

³Not significant in the log-rank test;

⁴CRP variation over 15 d. SBP: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; HR: Hazard ratio; AUC: Area under the curve; OR: Odds ratio; CPs: Child-Pugh score; ICU: Intensive care unit; SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome.