Diagnosing gastrointestinal illnesses using fecal headspace volatile organic compounds

Table 3 Diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome by fecal volatile organic compounds detection

Ref.	Year	Category	Disease (:control)	AUC	Accuracy	Sensitivity	Specificity	Sample No.	Control No.
Shepherd et al[56]	2014	IBS	IBS	-	-	54%	-	104	137
Cauchi et al[58]	2014	IBS	IBS	0.63	61%	51%	71%	28	20
Ahmed et al[57]	2013	IBS	IBS-D:Crohn disease	0.97	-	94%	82%	62	30
Ahmed et al[57]	2013	IBS	IBS-D:ulcerative colitis	0.96	-	96%	80%	48	30
Ahmed et al[57]	2013	IBS	IBS-D:active IBD	0.98	-	96%	80%	30	110
Ahmed et al[57]	2013	IBS	IBS-D	0.94	-	90%	80%	30	109
Walton et al[59]	2013	IBS	IBS	-	-	-	-	26	19
Irritable bowel syndrome pooled mean:				0.90	61%	80%	79%	-	-

If no control is specified, the comparison is against a healthy control. IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome; D: Diarrhea predominant; AUC: Area under the curve.