Metastasis-associated long noncoding RNAs in gastrointestinal cancer: Implications for novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets

Figure 3 Regulating function of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 in gastrointestinal cancer. CCL5 secreted by tumor-associated dendritic cells (TADCs) can promote MALAT1 expression. MALAT1 activates the ERK/MAPK pathway and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Snail and AKAP-9 are downstream targets of MALAT1. miR-101 and miR-217 can regulate MALAT1 in 3’UTR region. MALAT1 can also bind to SFPQ/PTBP2 complex and promote the release of PTBP2. MALAT1: Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1.