Predicting malignant transformation of esophageal squamous cell lesions by combined biomarkers in an endoscopic screening program

Table 5 Area of receiver operating characteristic curves for p53, CA19-9, CEA and the three biomarkers combined in the four esophageal lesions

Protein expression	Area	SE	95%CI	Z value	P value
p53
ESCC	0.696	0.0357	0.629-0.756	5.483	0.001
HGD	0.669	0.0495	0.581-0.749	3.416	0.006
LGD	0.578	0.0356	0.523-0.632	2.197	0.028
BCH	0.533	0.0461	0.452-0.613	0.725	0.468
CA19-9
ESCC	0.650	0.0359	0.625-0.751	5.288	< 0.001
HGD	0.638	0.0509	0.549-7.200	2.714	0.007
LGD	0.554	0.0363	0.498-0.609	1.484	0.138
BCH	0.515	0.0464	0.433-0.595	0.317	0.751
CEA
ESCC	0.802	0.0293	0.742-0.853	10.302	< 0.001
HGD	0.712	0.0479	0.260-0.788	4.423	< 0.001
LGD	0.532	0.0369	0.476-0.558	0.872	0.383
BCH	0.531	0.0463	0.449-0.611	0.668	0.504
Three biomarkers combined1
ESCC	0.837	0.0260	0.780-0.884	212.656	< 0.001
HGD	0.740	0.0460	0.656-0.813	5.220	< 0.001
LGD	0.590	0.0352	0.535-0.644	2.586	0.010
BCH	0.562	0.0458	0.0481-0.641	1.360	0.174

¹If the expression of any one of the three biomarkers was positive, the combined expression was counted as positive; if there was an overlap in expression, the score of the strongest expression was taken as the score of the combination. ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell cancer; HGD: High-grade dysplasia; LGD: Low-grade dysplasia; BCH: Basal cell hyperplasia.