Predicting malignant transformation of esophageal squamous cell lesions by combined biomarkers in an endoscopic screening program

Table 4 The associations of the positive expression of p53, CA19-9 and CEA proteins with basal cell hyperplasia, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and esophageal squamous cell cancer [OR (95%CI)]

Variables	ESCC	HGD	LGD	BCH
p53
Model 11	4.51 (2.38-8.59)	4.50 (2.07-9.78)	2.21 (1.21-4.06)	1.50 (0.71-3.15)
Model 22	4.52 (2.17-4.92)	4.88 (2.10-11.33)	2.31 (1.17-4.56)	1.60 (0.72-3.57)
CA19-9
Model 11	15.15 (7.45-30.84)	7.99 (3.53-18.10)	1.57 (0.81-3.04)	1.60 (0.72-3.54)
Model 22	23.57 (9.27-56.86)	12.01 (4.61-31.32)	2.05 (0.91-4.63)	1.99 (0.81-4.93)
CEA
Model 11	11.80 (4.49-31.05)	7.50 (2.56-22.00)	2.96 (1.13-7.76)	1.52 (0.46-5.02)
Model 22	17.40 (4.76-63.59)	11.06 (2.80-43.71)	3.80 (1.06-13.66)	1.81 (0.41-7.96)
Three biomarkers combined3
Model 11	14.19 (7.21-27.91)	8.57 (3.80-19.30)	2.40 (1.38-4.15)	1.98 (1.02-3.85)
Model 22	16.64 (7.68-36.05)	10.11 (4.20-24.32)	2.59 (1.38-4.86)	2.15 (1.04-4.45)

¹In the regression model, ORs were calculated without adjustments for any variables;

²In the regression model, ORs were calculated after adjustment for age, school year, income per year-person, smoking, alcohol drinking, and family history of esophageal cancer;

³If the expression of any one of the three biomarkers was positive, the combined expression was counted as positive; if there was an overlap in expression, the score of the strongest expression was taken as the score of the combination. ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell cancer; HGD: High-grade dysplasia; LGD: Low-grade dysplasia; BCH: Basal cell hyperplasia.