Racial/ethnic disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment and survival in California, 1988-2012

doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i38.8584

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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World J Gastroenterol. Oct 14, 2016; 22(38): 8584-8595
Published online Oct 14, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i38.8584

Table 3 Factors associated with survival from hepatocellular carcinoma in California, 1988-2012 (n = 33270)

	Cause-specific survival				All cause survival
	Unadjusted HR	95%CI	Adjusted¹ HR	95%CI	UnadjustedHR	95%CI	Adjusted¹ HR	95%CI
American Indian/ Alaska Native	0.92	0.79-1.07	0.90	0.77-1.04	0.94	0.82-1.07	0.91	0.80-1.04
Black	1.12^a	1.06-1.18^a	1.07^a	1.01-1.13^a	1.12^a	1.07-1.17^a	1.06^a	1.01-1.11^a
Cambodian	1.38^a	1.18-1.60^a	1.35^a	1.16-1.58^a	1.31^a	1.15-1.51^a	1.27^a	1.11-1.46^a
Chinese	0.81^a	0.77-0.86^a	0.82^a	0.77-0.86^a	0.75^a	0.72-0.79^a	0.76^a	0.72-0.79^a
Filipino	0.95	0.88-1.01	0.84^a	0.78-0.90^a	0.98	0.92-1.04	0.88^a	0.83-0.93^a
Hawai`ian/Pacific Islander	0.95	0.78-1.15	0.98	0.81-1.19	0.97	0.82-1.14	1.00	0.85-1.18
Hispanic	0.91^a	0.88-0.95^a	0.91^a	0.88-0.94^a	0.98	0.95-1.01	0.95^a	0.92-0.99^a
Japanese	0.95	0.86-1.04	0.93	0.84-1.02	0.88^a	0.81-0.96^a	0.86^a	0.79-0.94^a
Korean	0.87^a	0.80-0.93^a	0.90^a	0.83-0.97^a	0.80^a	0.74-0.85^a	0.82^a	0.76-0.88^a
Laotian/Hmong	1.91^a	1.65-2.21^a	1.50^a	1.29-1.73^a	1.74^a	1.52-1.98^a	1.37^a	1.20-1.57^a
Other Asian	0.80^a	0.67-0.96^a	0.98	0.82-1.17	0.80^a	0.68-0.93^a	0.96	0.82-1.12
South Asian	0.91	0.75-1.09	0.88	0.74-1.06	0.93	0.79-1.09	0.91	0.78-1.06
Thai	1.00	0.77-1.29	1.08	0.84-1.40	0.96	0.77-1.21	1.04	0.82-1.30
Vietnamese	0.83^a	0.79-0.89^a	0.85^a	0.80-0.90^a	0.79^a	0.75-0.84^a	0.80^a	0.76-0.84^a
White	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Age at diagnosis
< 50			1.00				1.00
50-59			1.01	0.96-1.06			1.04	1.00-1.09
60-69			1.06^a	1.01-1.11^a			1.08^a	1.04-1.13^a
70-79			1.29^a	1.23-1.35^a			1.29^a	1.24-1.35^a
≥ 80			1.54^a	1.45-1.64^a			1.57^a	1.49-1.65^a
Gender
Female			1.00				1.00
Male			1.10^a	1.07-1.14^a			1.09^a	1.06-1.12^a
Socioeconomic status
1 - Low SES			1.00				1.00
2			0.95^a	0.92-0.99^a			0.94^a	0.91-0.98^a
3			0.91^a	0.88-0.95^a			0.90^a	0.87-0.94^a
4			0.88^a	0.84-0.92^a			0.86^a	0.83-0.89^a
5 - High SES			0.81^a	0.77-0.85^a			0.79^a	0.75-0.82^a
Region
Los Angeles			1.00				1.00
San Francisco- Oakland			1.03	0.99-1.07			1.00	0.97-1.03
Central California			1.06^a	1.02-1.11^a			1.07^a	1.03-1.11^a
Northern California			1.14^a	1.08-1.19^a			1.08^a	1.04-1.12^a
San Diego- Imperial-Orange			1.09^a	1.05-1.14^a			1.08^a	1.04-1.13^a
Stage at diagnosis
Remote			1.00				1.00
Regional			0.70^a	0.67-0.73^a			0.71^a	0.69-0.74^a
Local			0.39^a	0.38-0.41^a			0.44^a	0.43-0.46^a
Unstaged			0.76^a	0.72-0.79^a			0.77^a	0.74-0.80^a
Time period of diagnosis
1988-1992			1.00				1.00
1993-1997			0.86^a	0.82-0.91^a			0.90^a	0.86-0.95^a
1998-2002			0.75^a	0.71-0.79^a			0.77^a	0.74-0.81^a
2003-2007			0.69^a	0.66-0.73^a			0.72^a	0.68-0.75^a
2008-2012			0.54^a	0.51-0.57^a			0.57^a	0.54-0.60^a
Type of surgery
None			1.00				1.00
Local			0.40^a	0.38-0.43^a			0.43^a	0.41-0.46^a
Resection or transplant			0.26^a	0.25-0.28^a			0.29^a	0.28-0.31^a

¹Adjusted for all other factors presented in the table using Cox proportional hazards regression models.

^aP < 0.05.

Citation: Stewart SL, Kwong SL, Bowlus CL, Nguyen TT, Maxwell AE, Bastani R, Chak EW, Chen Jr MS. Racial/ethnic disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment and survival in California, 1988-2012. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22(38): 8584-8595
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v22/i38/8584.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i38.8584