TM6SF2 E167K variant predicts severe liver fibrosis for human immunodeficiency/hepatitis C virus co-infected patients, and severe steatosis only for a non-3 hepatitis C virus genotype

Table 4 Initial characteristics of 161 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic hepatitis C, according to the hepatitis C virus genotype

	HCV genotype 3	non- 3 HCV genotype	P value
Patients, n	68	93
Age (yr)	40.6 (36.7-44.0)	40.8 (37.8-44.1)	0.3
Males	43 (63.2)	69 (74.2)	0.07
IVDU	44 (64.7)	57 (61.3)	0.8
BMI (kg/m2)	22.7 (21.2-25.2)	23.1 (21.7-24.9)	0.5
Glucose (mg/dL)	87.0 (79.0-94.0)	89.0 (82.0-98.0)	0.1
Bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.7 (0.6-1.0)	0.7 (0.5-1.0)	0.5
AST (IU/L)	77.5 (53.3-124.0)	55.0 (38.0-85.0)	0.004
ALT (IU/L)	120.5 (62.5-187.5)	66.0 (40.0-117.0)	0.0002
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	143.5 (115.3-173.0)	171.0 (147.5-197.0)	0.0006
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	99.0 (69.5-158.0)	139.0 (103.5-216.8)	0.003
GGT (IU/mL)	61.0 (32.8-106.0)	96.0 (49.5-226.5)	0.004
ALP (IU/mL)	196.0 (143.0-260.5)	192.0 (150.0-246.0)	0.9
HCV RNA (IU/mL)	477624.0	730500.0
	(124539.0-1050000.0)	(233250.0-1941008.0)	0.07
Nadir of CD4+ cells/mm3	247.7 (155.3-380.0)	252.0 (175.0-404.0)	0.6
HIV RNA copies/mL	5607.5	12130.0	0.7
	(1972.3-18918.0)	(1806.8-37226.5)
HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL	30 (44.0)	42 (45.2)
CD4+ cell/mm3	506.5 (397.8-638.0)	494.0 (398.0-697.5)	0.7
ART, Treated	50 (73.5)	79 (84.9)	0.4
PI/r-NRTI-NNRTI	1 (2.0)	5 (6.6)
PI/r-NRTI	22 (44.9)	24 (31.6)
PI-NRTI	3 (6.1)	4 (5.3)
NRTI-NNRTI	13 (26.5)	18 (23.7)
NRTI	10 (20.4)	25 (32.9)
Therapy missing, n	1	3
Therapy-naïve	18 (26.47)	14 (15.0)
Duration of ART (yr)	9.0 (4.3-12.6)	7.7 (6.1-10.4)	0.4
Duration of HIV infection (yr)	14.0 (7.7-18.5)	14.1 (8.1-17.1)	0.8
HAI score	6.5 ± 3.1	5.5 ± 2.9	0.03
HAI
score 0-8	48 (70.6)	76 (81.7)	0.09
score 9-18	20 (14.7)	17 (18.3)
Fibrosis score	2.5 ± 1.6	2.2 ± 1.6	0.2
Degree of fibrosis
0	4 (5.9)	9 (9.7)	0.7
1	16 (23.5)	32 (34.4)
2	16 (23.5)	17 (18.3)
3	18 (26.5)	19 (20.4)
4	4 (5.9)	5 (5.3)
5	5 (7.3)	4 (4.3)
6	4 (5.9)	7 (7.5)
Steatosis score	2.0 ± 1.3	1.4 ± 1.2	0.002
Degree of steatosis
0	14 (20.6)	31 (33.3)	0.03
1	7 (10.3)	14 (15.0)
2	16 (23.5)	20 (21.5)
3	23 (33.8)	22 (23.7)
4	7 (10.1)	2 (2.1)
TM6SF
p. 167 E/K	6 (8.8)	11 (11.8)	0.5
p. 167 E/E	62 (91.2)	82 (88.2)
PNPLA3
p. 148 I/I	38 (55.9)	48 (51.6)	0.5
p. 148 I/M	24 (35.3)	40 (43.0)
p. 148 M/M	6 (8.8)	5 (5.4)

HCV genotype missing in 6 cases. Data represent as n (%), mean ± SD, or median (IQR). e: Elevated; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; BMI: Body mass index; HAI: Histological activity index; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: γ glutamyl transferase; ART: Antiretroviral therapy; NRTIs: Nucleoside/nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NNRTIs: Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; PIs: Protease inhibitors; TM6SF2: Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2; PNPLA3: Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene; IQR: Interquartile range.