TM6SF2 E167K variant predicts severe liver fibrosis for human immunodeficiency/hepatitis C virus co-infected patients, and severe steatosis only for a non-3 hepatitis C virus genotype

Table 2 Initial characteristics of 167 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic hepatitis C, according to the fibrosis score

	Fibrosis score 0-3	Fibrosis score 4-6	P value
Patients, n	136	31
Age (yr)	40.3 (37-44)	42.0 (39.5-46.7)	< 0.05
Males	96 (70.6)	25 (80.6)	0.1
BMI (kg/m2)	23 (21.2-24.9)	22.8 (21.7-26.5)	0.5
Glucose (mg/dL)	87.0 (80.0-95.0)	91.0 (81-102)	0.6
Bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.68 (0.4-1.0)	0.97 (0.7-1.5)	< 0.01
AST (IU/L)	55.0 (39-91)	96.0 (63.0-143.0)	0.0008
ALT (IU/L)	79.0 (44-131)	120.0 (67-180)	< 0.01
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	162 (137-194.0)	158 (116.8-177)	0.3
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	122.0 (84.0-164)	147.5 (55-227)	0.1
GGT (IU/mL)	70.0 (36.0-150)	108 (60.0-227.0)	0.2
ALP (IU/mL)	178.0 (136.0-239)	221 (182-269)	< 0.01
HCV RNA (IU/mL)	5.2e5 (1.8e5-1.4e6)	7e5 (2.3e5-1.7e6)	0.4
Nadir of CD4+ cells/mm3	271 (175.5-429.5)	238.0 (145.0-347.5)	0.1
HIV RNA (copies/mL)	10914.5	4500.0	0.1
	(4402.3-31052.0)	(784.0-36959.0)
CD4+ cells/mm3	510.0 (403-708)	454.0 (338-586)	< 0.01
ART, Treated	105 (77.2)	27 (87.1)	0.4
PI/r-NRTI-NNRTI	6 (5.9)	0
PI/r-NRTI	35 (33.6)	11 (42.3)
PI-NRTI	6 (5.9)	1 (3.8)
NRTI-NNRTI	25 (24.8)	7 (26.9)
NRTI	29 (28.7)	7 (26.9)
Therapy missing, n	4	1
Therapy-naïve	31 (22.8)	4 (12.9)
Duration of ART (yr)	7.8 (5.4-10.9)	9.6 (6.3-12)	0.2
Duration of HIV infection (yr)	14.4 (7.5-18.1)	13.9 (8.4-17.4)	0.6
HCV Genotype
1	51 (38.9)	11 (3.7)	0.4
2	7 (5.3)	1 (0.4)
3	54 (41.2)	14 (46.7)
4	19 (14.5)	4 (13.4)
Missing, n	5	1
HAI score	5.0 ± 2.7	8.6 ± 2.3	< 0.0001
HAI
score 0-8	115 (84.6)	15 (48.4)	< 0.0001
score 9-18	21 (15.4)	16 (51.6)
Steatosis score	1.4 ± 1.2	1.9 ± 1.3	< 0.02
Degree of steatosis
0	44 (32.4)	4 (12.9)	0.0001
1	18 (13.2)	4 (12.9)
2	34 (25.0)	7 (22.6)
3	32 (23.55)	14 (45.2)
4	8 (5.9)	2 (6.5)
TM6SF
p. 167 E/K	12 (8.8)	5 (16.1)	< 0.03
p. 167 E/E	124 (91.2)	26 (83.9)
PNPLA3,
p. 148 I/I	75 (55.1)	13 (41.9)	0.2
p. 148 I/M	49 (36.1)	18 (58.6)
p. 148 M/M	12 (8.8)	0

Data represent as n (%), mean ± SD, or median (IQR). e: Elevated; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; BMI: Body mass index; HAI: Histological activity index; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: γ glutamyl transferase; ART: Antiretroviral therapy; NRTIs: Nucleoside/nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NNRTIs: Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; PIs: Protease inhibitors; TM6SF2: Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2; PNPLA3: Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene; IQR: Interquartile range.