Increased ATG5-ATG12 in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma and their role in apoptosis

Figure 1 Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of Beclin-1 (A), ATG5 (B), ATG12 (C), ATG9A (D) and ATG4B (E) mRNA in THLE-2, HepG2 and HepG2. 2.15 cell lines at 4 h post-culture in EBSS. β-actin was used as an internal control. Data represent the mean and SE from five independent experiments. Western blotting with specific antibodies was used to analyze ATG12, ATG9A and ATG4B protein expression in THLE-2, HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells at 4 h post-culture in EBSS (F). GAPDH was used as a protein loading control.