Circulating predictive and diagnostic biomarkers for hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 2 Predictive serum biomarkers for hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

	Marker	Cut-off	Increased risk for HCC	Control group1	Follow-up time	Ref.
Viral	HBeAg	Positive	4-fold	HBeAg negative HBV patients	8 yr	[114]
	HBV DNA	> 1 million copies/mL	11-fold	HBV patients with HBV DNA < 300 copies/mL	11 yr	[115]
	HBsAg	> 1000 IU/mL	3-fold	HBV patients with HBsAg 5-9 IU/mL	14.7 yr	[117]
Host	Gamma-GT Iso-enzyme II	Positive	86-fold	GGT Iso-enzyme II negative HBV patients	10 yr	[128]
	Gamma-GT	> 41 U/L	8-fold	HBV patients with Gamma-GT ≥ 41 U/L	5.9 yr	[129]
	AFP	> 5 ng/mL	8-fold	HBV patients with AFP ≤ 5 ng/mL	5.9 yr	[129]
	COMP	Positive	3-fold	COMP negative HBV and HCV patients	8 yr	[134]
	IL-6	> 7 pg/mL	3-fold	HBV patients with IL-6 < 7 pg/mL	7.25 yr	[135]
	sPD-1	> 637.6 pg/mL	2-fold	HBV patients with sPD-1 < 117.3 pg/mL	20 yr	[138]

¹Control group: group included in the study, to which the increased HCC risk was calculated. HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; Gamma-GT: Gamma glutamyltransferase; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; COMP: Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein; IL-6: Interleukin 6; sPD-1: Soluble programmed death 1.