Review of endoscopic radiofrequency in biliopancreatic tumours with emphasis on clinical benefits, controversies and safety

Table 3 Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation for biliary strictures (continuation)

Ref.	n	Indication	Stricture length (mm)	Thermokinetics power - time	RF sessions	Technical success	Stricture diameter before RF (mm)	Stricture diameter after RF (mm)	Stent patency (d)	Survival (mo)	Complications
Hu et al[55], 2014	9	4 postsurgical	-	10 W - 90 s	1	100%	-	-	-	-	2 abdominal pain
		3 liver transplant				(5 complete resolution					2 transient leucocytosis
		2 chronic inflam				4 improvement)					1 mild pancreatitis
Uppal et al[56], 2014	2	Prehepatic transplant	-	-	-	100%	-	-	-	19-35 mo FU	1 hemobilia
		1 LHD-CHD CC				(No malignancy in explant)
		1 RHD-CHD CC
Strand et al[57], 2014	16	13 Klatskin CC	-	7 W - 90 s	-	100%	-	-	-	9.6	Occurrence/month:
		1 intrahepatic CC									Stent occlusion 0.06
		2 extrahepatic CC									Stent migration 0.02
											Cholangitis 013
											Hepatic abscess 0.02
Dolak et al[58], 2014	58	50 Klatskin CC	-	10 W - 180 s	1	100%	-	-	170	10.6	1 partial liver infarction
		4 PC			(1-5)						5 cholangitis
		1GB can									2 cholangiosepsis
		1 met									3 hemobilia
		1 HCC									1 GB empyema
		1 HCC and CC									1 hepatic coma (1 death)
											1 left bundle branch block
Mukund et al[59], 2014	8	Occluded SEMS:	-	-	1	100%	-	-	114		No complication
		4 GB cancer			(1-2)
		2 CC/2 PC
Mehendiratta et al[60], 2015	1	Ampullary adenoma	-	7 W - 90 s	-	100%	-	-	-	-	No complication
		with CBD invasion				(Complete ablation)
Musquer et al[61], 2015	1	Occluded SEMS	-	10 W - 90 s	-	100%	-	-	180	-	-
		(CC)
Sharaiha et al[62], 2015	69	45 CC	14.5	8 W - 90 s	1	100%	2	4.9	96%	15 for PC	1 pancreatitis
		19 PC	(3.5-60)		(1-4)				at 30-d FU	18 for CC	2 cholecystitis
		1 GB cancer									1 hemobilia
		1 gastric cancer									3 abdominal pain
		3 liver met
Laquière et al[63], 2015	12	CC	19.5	10 W - 90 s	1	100%	-	-	-	12	1 sepsis
		4 Bismuth I	(10-35)		(1-3)						1 cholangitis
		3 Bismuth II
		2 Bismuth III
		3 Bismuth IV
Atar et al[64], 2015	21	Occluded SEMS:	-	10 W - 90 s	1	100%	-	-	62%	-	-
		11 PC/7 CC			(1-5)				at 90-d FU
		1 GB can/2 liver met

LHD: Left hepatic duct; RHD: Right hepatic duct; CHD: Common hepatic duct; CBD: Common bile duct; CC: Cholangiocarcinoma; PC: Pancreatic cancer; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; GB: Gallbladder; SEMS: Self-expanding metal stent; Met: Metastasis; FU: Follow-up.