Transanal surgery for obstructed defecation syndrome: Literature review and a single-center experience

Table 1 Overview and summary of pros of each transanal operative procedure

Procedure	Pros	Ref.
Partial division of puborectalis	Good short-term follow-up outcome	[35-37]
	More effective compared with common non-surgical procedures	[35]
Internal Delorme’s procedure	Good long-term follow-up outcome with advantages as low recurrence rate and without complications such as postoperative constipation	[50,53,58,59]
	Suitable for patients with ODS and postoperative risk of fecal incontinence	[50,53]
PPH-STARR procedure	Overall satisfaction during postoperative long-term follow-up	[52,56,62-65,83-86]
	Without damage to the anal sphincters	[47]
Contour-Transtar procedure	High percent of patient satisfaction during long-term follow-up with advantages such as visualizing the procedure and being suitable for resection of a large volume of prolapsed tissue and without severe complications such as recto-vaginal fistula and fecal incontinence	[41,87,88,91-96]
	With superiority over PPH-STARR procedure	[91]
Bresler procedure and liner stapler and bioabsobable stapler line reinforcement material	High percent of patient satisfaction during long-term follow-up with advantages such as being suitable for resection of a large rectocele with a depth more than 4.5 cm, simple procedure and without severe complications such as recto-vaginal fistula and peritoneal perforation	[9,45,48,99,100]
TRREMS procedure	High percent of patient satisfaction during long-term follow-up with advantages such as being suitable for large prolapses of more than 5.0 cm, a short learning curve and without severe complications	[42-44,101]
TST-STARR procedure	High percent of patient satisfaction during long-term follow-up with advantages such as being suitable for large prolapses of more than 5.0 cm, a short learning curve, direct visualization during surgery and without severe complications	[11]
TERP procedure	Good short-term follow-up outcome	[46]

TRREMS: Transanal repair of rectocele and rectal mucosectomy with a single circular stapler; TST: Tissue selecting therapy; PPH: Procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids; STARR: Stapled transanal rectal resection.