Role of miRNAs and their potential to be useful as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in gastric cancer

Table 2 Circulating miRNA as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers

miRNA	Samples	Potential biomarker type	Method	Clinical implication	Ref.
miR-1	164 GC/127 C Serum	Diagnostic	Solexa sequencing	GC detection	[128]
			qRT-PCR
miR-16	40 GNCA/40 C Plasma	Diagnostic	Taqman low-density array	Early detection of GNCA	[122]
			qRT-PCR
miR-17-5p	79 GC/30 C Plasma	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	GC detection	[46]
	79 pre-operative GC/30 post-operative GC/6 relapse Plasma	Prognostic	qRT-PCR	Prediction of prognosis and monitoring of chemotherapeutic effects	[129]
miR-18a	104 GC/65 C Plasma	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	Screening GC and monitoring tumor dynamics	[130]
		Prognostic
miR-20a	164 GC/127 C Serum	Diagnostic	Solexa sequencing	GC detection	[128]
			qRT-PCR
	90 GC/90 C Plasma	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	Early detection of GC	[131]
	79 pre-operative GC/30 post-operative GC/6 relapse Plasma	Prognostic	qRT-PCR	Prediction of prognosis and monitoring of chemotherapeutic effects	[129]
miR-21	69 GC Plasma	Prognostic	qRT-PCR	Prognostic marker	[132]
	16 LN-metastasis positive/15 LN-metastasis negative/10 C Serum	Prognostic	qRT-PCR	Predicting LN metastasis	[133]
	79 GC/30 C Plasma	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	GC detection	[46]
	70 GC/70 C Plasma	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	GC detection	[134]
miR-25	40 GNCA/40 C Plasma	Diagnostic	Taqman low-density array	Early detection of GNCA	[122]
			qRT-PCR
miR-34	164 GC/127 C Serum	Diagnostic	Solexa sequencing	GC detection	[128]
			qRT-PCR
miR-92a	40 GNCA/40 C Plasma	Diagnostic	Taqman low-density array	Early detection of GNCA	[122]
			qRT-PCR
miR-106a	79 GC/30 C Plasma	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	GC detection	[46]
miR-106b	79 GC/30 C Plasma	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	GC detection	[46]
	90 GC/90 C Plasma	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	Early detection of GC	[131]
miR-191	57 GC/58 C Serum	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	GC detection	[135]
miR-218	70 GC/70 C Plasma	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	GC detection	[134]
miR-221	90 GC/90 C Plasma	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	Early detection of GC	[131]
miR-223	70GC/70C Plasma	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	GC detection	[134]
miR-378	61GC/61C Serum	Diagnostic	miRNA microarray	Early detection of GC	[136]
			qRT-PCR
miR-423-5p	164GC/127C Serum	Diagnostic	Solexa sequencing	GC detection	[128]
			qRT-PCR
miR-451	56GC/30C Plasma	Diagnostic	miRNA microarray	Screening GC	[137]
			qRT-PCR
	40GNCA/40C Plasma	Diagnostic	Taqman low-density array	Early detection of GNCA	[122]
			qRT-PCR
miR-486	56GC/30C Plasma	Diagnostic	miRNA microarray	GC Screening	[137]
			qRT-PCR
miR-486-5p	40GNCA/40C Plasma	Diagnostic	Taqman low-density array	Early detection of GNCA	[122]
			qRT-PCR
let-7a	79GC/30C Plasma	Diagnostic	qRT-PCR	GC detection	[46]

C: Control; GC: Gastric cancer; LN: Lymph node; GNCA: Gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma; qRT-PCR: Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction.