Risk factors for postoperative pancreatic fistula: Analysis of 539 successive cases of pancreaticoduodenectomy

Table 1 Criteria utilized to grade postoperative pancreatic fistula

Grade	A	B	C
Clinical conditions	Well	Often well	Ill appearing/bad
Specific treatment1	No	Yes/no	Yes
US/CT (if obtained)	Negative	Negative/positive	Positive
Persistent drainage (after 3 wk)2	No	Usually yes	Yes
Reoperation	No	No	Yes
Death related to POPF	No	No	Possibly yes
Signs of infection	No	Yes	Yes
Sepsis	No	No	Yes
Readmission	No	Yes/no	Yes/no

¹Partial (peripheral) or total parenteral nutrition, antibiotics, enteral nutrition, somatostatin analogue, and/or minimally invasive drainage;

²With or without a drain in situ. CT: Computed tomography; POPF: Postoperative pancreatic fistula; US: Ultrasonography.