Hepatobiliary and pancreatic ascariasis

Table 2 Ultrasonography findings of hepatobiliary and pancreatic ascariasis

Site of ascarides	Ultrasonography findings
Stomach and duodenum	Long linear or curved echogenic strips without acoustic shadowing within water filled duodenum and stomach. The structures show active motility
Hepatobiliary ascariasis	Single or multiple long linear or curved echogenic structures without acoustic shadowing
	Thick long linear or curve non-shadowing echogenic strip containing a central longitudinal anechoic tube (four-line sign), representing the digestive tract of the worm
	Characteristic writhing movement of the echogenic strips within the ducts
	Gall bladder and cystic duct distension; gall bladder wall edema; sludge within gall bladder
	Multiple liver abscesses
Gall bladder ascariasis	Long coiled echogenic structure within gall bladder lumen
	Tubular echogenic structures within gall bladder lumen
	Echogenic structures exhibiting rapid movements
	Distended gall bladder, gall bladder wall edema
Pancreatic ascariasis	Long linear nonshadowing echogenic strips within a dilated pancreatic duct
	Edematous pancreas