Roles of hepatocyte nuclear factors in hepatitis B virus infection

Figure 3 Scheme of regulatory factors associated with HBV transcription and translation. The upstream regulators, including cytokines, mediators, and signaling molecules, regulate liver-enriched transcription factors. In addition, miRNAs regulate the transcription factors and viral transcripts. These upstream factors and miRNAs exert positive or negative effects on HBV transcription and replication. HBV: Hepatitis B virus.