Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016.
World J Gastroenterol. Aug 21, 2016; 22(31): 6972-6986
Published online Aug 21, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i31.6972
Table 3 Non-endoscopic medical therapy for radiation proctitis
Proposed mechanismIndications
SucralfateProtection from injuryRCT supports treatment of chronic proctitis
MetronidazoleAntibiotic/ImmunomodulatorRCT supports treatment of chronic proctitis
5-aminosalicylic acid derivativesAnti-inflammatoryMixed results
Probiotics/antioxidantsImmunomodulator/free radical scavengerMixed results, but with minimal side effects
ButyrateColonocyte nutrientRCT supports treatment of acute proctitis
Topical formalinCoagulative necrosisEffective for chronic proctitis though significant morbidity
Hyperbaric oxygenPromotes angiogenesis and healingRCT supports treatment of chronic proctitis