Cytomegalovirus in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review

Table 2 Prevalence by definition of cytomegalovirus-infection

Definition	Studies, n	Median	Range
Antigenemia[17-21]	5	32%	6%-34%
Tissue PCR[22-25]	4	11%	1%-32%
IHC1[26-29]	4	13%	9%-23%
HE[30-32]	3	17%	5%-36%
HE or IHC[33,34]	2	8%	5%-11%
HE and IHC[35,36]	2	19%	12%-27%
IgM or HE or IHC2[37,38]	2	9%	5%-13%
Antigenemia or Tissue PCR[39]	1	NA	NA
Serum PCR[40]	1	84%	-
(HE and IHC) or tissue PCR[41]	1	4%	-
Tissue PCR 10 copies/µg; OR histology OR Antigenemia[42]	1	54%	-
Antigenemia (2 tests: C7-HRP OR C10/C11) OR histology[43]	1	9%	-
Antigenemia or blood PCRquantitative[44]	1	36%	-
IgM or serum PCR or HE[45]	1	78%	-
IgM or tissue PCRqualitative or HE[46]	1	16%	-
IgG and (blood culture, antigenemia or histology or IgM or urine culture)[47]	1	6%	-
IgM or serum PCRqualitative or feces PCR[48]	1	5%	-
Inclusions: HE[49]	1	13%	-
Active infection: tissue PCR[50]	1	13%	-
Active replication: (HE or IHC) and antigenemia[51]	1	36%	-
Blood dissemination: (viremia, antigenemia, RNAemia) or (viremia or tissue culture)[52]	1	16%	-
Total: 21	Total: 36

¹One study defined a clinically relevant infection as > 10 IHC + cells/section but also recognized “scattered” positivity as 1-9 cells per section[29]; ²Once mentioned as “acute infection”. PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; HE: Hematoxylin and eosin staining; IHC: Immunohistochemistry; IgM: Immunoglobulin M; IgG: immunoglobulin G; NA: Not applicable.