Microbiota-based treatments in alcoholic liver disease

Table 2 Microbiota-based treatment in alcoholic liver disease - animal studies

Animal model	Alcohol amount	Treatment	Results	Ref.
6-wk-old male 10 C57BL/6 mice	Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet with 10% alcohol for 6 wk	Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011, Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052	TLR-4 ↓	[75]
		(1 mg/mL per day for 4 wk)	IL-1β↓
4-wk-old male 20 C57BL/6 mice (10 Normal diet, 10 High-fat diet)	Oral administration 5 g/kg per day, twice/wk, for 9 wk	Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011, Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052	In normal diet groups	[76]
		(1 mg/mL per day for 2 wk)	TNF-α↓
			IL-1↓
			TLR4 ↓
			TLR4/GADPH ↓
			In high-fat diet groups: IL-10 ↑
Male Sprague-Dawley rats	Dose gradually increased every 2 to 3 d up to a maximum of 8 g/kg per day by 2 wk	Oats (10 g/kg per day)	Tight junctions in colon ↓	[79]
			Disorganization of actin cytoskeleton ↓
	6 g/kg per day for final 10 wk		Oxidative stress ↓
			NO overproduction ↓
			Oxidative tissue damage ↓
			Nitrotyrosine ↓
			Carbonyl ↓

GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phospate dehydrogenase; IL: Interleukin; NO: Nitrooxidative; TLR: Toll-like receptor; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor.