Epidemiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants and toddlers: A systematic review

Table 1 Classification of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants and toddlers

	Rome III nomenclature	Age	Frequency	Duration	Synonym or approximate terms
G1	Infant regurgitation	3 wk-12 mo	≥ 2 regurgitations/d	≥ 3 wk	Gastroesophageal reflux
G2	Infant rumination syndrome	3-8 mo1		≥ 3 mo	Childhood feeding and eating disorders2
G3	Cyclic vomiting syndrome		≥ 2 vomiting episodes	hours - days	Periodic vomiting
G4	Infant colic	0-4 mo	≥ 3 d/wk for ≥ 1 wk	≥ 3 h/d	Infantile colic; abdominal pain syndrome
					Wessel’s criteria: irritability, fussing or crying
G5	Functional diarrhea	6-36 mo1	≥ 3 painless stools/d	≥ 4 wk	Infantile diarrhea
G6	Infant dyschezia	< 6 mo	≥ 10 min straining		Straining and crying
G7	Functional constipation	≤ 4 yr	≤ 2 defecations/wk	≥ 4 wk	Classic Iowa criteria
			≥ 1 incontinence/wk		Functional defecation disorder
					Functional fecal retention3

¹Onset of symptoms;

²International Classification of Disease and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual systems;

³Rome II nomenclature.