Glucose deprivation induces chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells by increasing ATF4 expression

Figure 3 Grp78/PERK/ATF4 pathway is activated in glucose deprivation. A and B: GD promoted the expression of genes involved in UPR. The mRNA and protein expression were examined by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively, and β-actin was used as an internal control. The phosphorylation of PERK (upward shift in the bands) indicated its activation in GD-treated CRC cells. ^aP < 0.05, ^cP < 0.001, control vs GD. GD: Glucose deprivation; CRC: Colorectal cancer.