Laparoscopic and robot-assisted gastrectomy for gastric cancer: Current considerations

Table 1 Randomized controlled trials comparing laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with open distal gastrectomy in the treatment early gastric cancer

Ref.	Year	Country	Patients (n)		Operative time1 (mean ± SD, min)			Blood loss1 (mean ± SD, mL)			Harvested nodes1 (mean ± SD, n)			Complications rate (%)			Hospital stay1 (mean ± SD, d)
			LDG	ODG	LDG	ODG	P value	LDG	ODG	P value	LDG	ODG	P value	LDG	ODG	P value	LDG	ODG	P value
Kitano et al[54]	2002	Japan	14	14	227 ± 7	171 ± 13	< 0.05	177 ± 30	258 ± 53	< 0.05	20.2 ± 3.6	24.9 ± 3.5	< 0.05	14.3	28.6	< 0.05	17.6 ± 2.6	16 ± 0.4	< 0.05
Fujii et al[55]	2003	Japan	10	10	225 ± 35	179 ± 37	< 0.05	134 ± 110	205 ± 75	< 0.05	NR	NR	-	2.0	2.0	NS	NR	NR	-
Hayashi et al[56]	2005	Japan	14	14	378 ± 97	235 ± 71	< 0.05	327 ± 245	489 ± 281	< 0.05	28 ± 14	27 ± 10	NS	28.6	57.1	< 0.05	12 ± 2	18 ± 6	< 0.05
Lee et al[57]	2005	South Korea	24	23	319 ± 16	235 ± 71	< 0.05	336 ± 180	294 ± 156	NS	31.8 ± 13.5	38.1 ± 15.9	< 0.05	12.5	43.5	< 0.05	11 ± 4	17 ± 15	< 0.05
Kim et al[58]	2008	South Korea	82	82	252 ± 48	170 ± 27	< 0.05	111 ± 85	267 ± 155	< 0.05	39 ± 11.9	45.1 ± 13.8	< 0.05	0.0	4.9	< 0.05	7.2 ± 1.4	8.6 ± 2	NS
Sakuramoto et al[59]	2013	Japan	31	32	182 ± 37	113 ± 21	< 0.05	64 ± 48	167 ± 135	< 0.05	31.6 ± 12.2	33.8 ± 13.4	NS	3.2	15.6	< 0.05	9.1 ± 1.1	10 ± 3.1	NS
Takiguchi et al[60]	2013	Japan	20	20	185 ± 23	119 ± 17	< 0.05	65 ± 51	180 ± 111	< 0.05	33.0 ± 13.7	32 ± 5.2	NS	0.0	10.0	< 0.05	10 ± 0.2	11 ± 0.7	NS

¹Mean value. LDG: Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy; ODG: Open distal gastrectomy; NS: Not statistically significant; NR: Not reported.