Genomic diversity of colorectal cancer: Changing landscape and emerging targets

Table 2 Tumor genomic variants and potential targeted therapies of interest

Gene	Agents of Interest	Mechanism of action	Phase	Trial number1	Comment
FGFR (FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4)	Ponatinib	Multi-kinase small molecule inhibitor	II	NCT02272998
	BGJ398	Pan FGFR small molecule inhibitor	I	NCT01928459
RET	Cabozantinib	Multi-kinase small molecule inhibitor	I	NCT02008383	Cabozantinib + panitumumab
	Vandetanib	Multi-kinase small molecule inhibitor	I	NCT01582191
	Apatinib	Multi-kinase small molecule inhibitor
	Ponatinib	Multi-kinase small molecule inhibitor	II	NCT02272998
	RXDX-105	RET and BRAF small molecule inhibtor	I	NCT01877811
	Sunitinib	Multi-kinase small molecule inhibitor
	Sorafenib	Multi-kinase small molecule inhibitor	I	NCT01531361
HER-2	AZD8931	Small molecule inhibitor of EGFR, HER-2, HER-3	I/II	NCT01862003	AZD8931 + FOLFIRI
	Neratinib	Small molecule inhibitor of EGFR, HER-2, HER-3	II	NCT01953926
	HER-2 vaccine	B cell peptide vaccine	I	NCT01376505
	T-DM1	Antibody-drug conjugate of traztuzumab and DM1	II	HERACLES-RESCUE	At the time of traztumab failure
	Pertuzumab	Anti HER-2 monoclonal antibody	II	HERACLES	Pertuzumab + trastuzumab
	Lapatinib	Anti HER-2 small molecule inhibitor	II	HERACLES	Lapatinib + trastuzumab
c-MET (MET, HGFR)	Crizotinib	Multi-kinase small molecule inhibitor		NCT02510001	Crizotinib + PD-0325901
	Tivantinib	c-MET inhibitor		NCT01892527	Tivantinib + cetuximab
	Cabozantinib	c-MET and VEGFR2 inhibitor
	INC280	Small molecule inhibitor of c-MET	II	NCT2205398	INC280 + cetuximab
	AMG102	HGF inhibitor
	AV299	HGF inhibitor

¹Utilizing the NCT number, clinical trial information can be obtained at https://clinicaltrials.gov. FGFR: Fibroblast growth factor receptor; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; BRAF: v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B; HER-2: Human growth factor receptor 2; HGFR: Hepatocyte growth factor receptor; TDM-1: Ado-trastuzumab emtansine; VEGFR: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.