Light and sound - emerging imaging techniques for inflammatory bowel disease

Table 2 Assessment of disease activity with advanced endoscopic imaging in the context of clinical trials

Ref.	Technique	No. of patients	Findings
Kiesslich et al[84], 2003	CE	165	Agreement with histology: 84.5% (72 of 84) vs 60% (49 of 81)
Kudo et al[85], 2009	NBI	30	Obscure mucosal vascular pattern is associated with inflammatory cell infiltrates (26% vs 0%), goblet cell depletion (32% vs 5%), and basal plasmacytosis (2% vs 21%)
Danese et al[87], 2010	NBI	14	Positive appearance on NBI correlated with increase in angiogenesis or vessel density
Neumann et al[88], 2013	Virtual CE (i-Scan)	78	Inflammatory extent and activity accordance with the histological results: 48.71% and 53.85% (white-light) and 92.31% and 89.74% (i-Scan)
Watanabe et al[89], 2008	CLE	17	Distinct alterations in active and non-active UC patients compared to histology
Li et al[90], 2010	CLE	73	Crypt architecture and fluorescein leakage with CLE correlate with histological results
Neumann et al[92], 2012	CLE	54	CDEAS consisting of six parameters: crypt number, crypt distortion, micro erosions, cellular infiltrate, vascularity, and number of goblet cells
			Strong correlation of CDEAS and CRP

CE: Chromoendoscopy; NBI: Narrow-band imaging; CLE: Confocal laser endomicroscopy.